Speaker
Prof.
Victor Flambaum
(University of New South Wales)
Description
Low-mass boson dark matter particles produced after Big Bang form classical field and/or topological defects. In contrast to traditional dark matter searches, effects produced by interaction of an ordinary matter with this field and defects may be first power in the underlying interaction strength rather than the second power or higher (which appears in a traditional search for the dark matter).This may give an enormous advantage since the dark matter interaction constant is extremely small.
Interaction between the density of the dark matter particles and ordinary matter produces both ‘slow’
cosmological evolution and oscillating variations of the fundamental constants including the fine structure
constant alpha and particle masses. Atomic Dy, Rb and Cs spectroscopy measurements and the primordial helium abundance data allowed us to improve on existing constraints on the quadratic interactions of the scalar dark matter with the photon, electron, quarks and Higgs boson by up to 15 orders of magnitude. Limits on the linear and quadratic interactions of the dark matter with W and Z bosons have been obtained for the first time [1,2].
In addition to traditional methods to search for the variation of the fundamental constants (atomic clocks, quasar spectra, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, etc) we discuss variations in phase shifts produced in laser/maser interferometers (such as giant LIGO, Virgo, GEO600 and TAMA300, and the table-top silicon cavity and sapphire interferometers) [3,4]. Corresponding measurements which have significantly improved limits on the topological defect dark matter have been performed in [5].
Dark matter may produce changes in pulsar rotational frequencies (which may have been observed already in pulsar glitches), non-gravitational lensing of cosmic radiation and the time-delay of pulsar signals [6].
Other effects of dark matter and dark energy include apparent violation of the fundamental symmetries: oscillating or transient atomic electric dipole moments, precession of electron and nuclear spins about the direction of Earth’s motion through an axion dark matter (the axion wind effect), and axion-mediated spin-gravity couplings [7-9], violation of Lorentz symmetry and Einstein equivalence principle [10]. Recent measurements by nEDM collaboration [11] improved the limits on interaction of the low-mass axion with gluons and nucleons up to 3 orders of magnitude.
Recently we investigated possibilities to detect linear effects in the axion interaction constants using interference between axion and photon atomic capture amplitudes [12] and coherent axion-photon transformations in the forward scattering on atoms [13].
Effects of scalar field produced by massive bodies on atomic transition frequencies have been experimentally investigated in [14]. Improved limits on the axions and low mass Z’- bosons have been derived from the measurements of atomic and molecular electric dipole moments [15] and parity violating effects [16].
We explore a possibility to explain the DAMA collaboration claim of dark matter detection by the dark matter scattering on electrons. We have shown that the electron relativistic effects increase the ionization differential cross section up to 3 orders of magnitude [17,18]. Recent results of ZENON collaboration [19] based on our calculations contradict to DAMA results.
We investigated possible effect of finite photon mass due to magnetic interaction in plazma on galaxy rotation curve [20]. Slowly varying vector potential A of a low-mass photon field provides negative pressure P=-E/3 in the electromagnetic stress tensor (E is the magnetic field energy density), imitates gravitational pull and may provide observed distribution of the rotational velocities in the Galaxy (without dark matter!).
References.
[1] Can dark matter induce cosmological evolution of the fundamental constants of Nature? Y. V. Stadnik and V. V. Flambaum. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 201301 (2015).
[2] Improved limits on interactions of low-mass spin-0 dark matter from atomic clock spectroscopy, Y. V. Stadnik, V. V. Flambaum, Phys. Rev. A 94, 022111, (2016).
[3] Searching for Dark Matter and Variation of Fundamental Constants with Laser and Maser Interferometry. Y. V. Stadnik and V. V. Flambaum. Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 161301 (2015).
[4] Enhanced effects of variation of the fundamental constants in laser interferometers and application to dark matter detection, Y. V. Stadnik, V. V. Flambaum, arXiv:1511.00447
[5] P. Wcislo et al. Nature Astronomy1, 0009 (2016).
[6] Searching for Topological Defect Dark Matter via Nongravitational Signatures. Y. V. Stadnik and
V. V. Flambaum. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 151301 (2014).
[7] Axion-induced effects in atoms, molecules and nuclei: Parity nonconservation, anapole moments, electric dipole moments, and spin-gravity and spin-axion momentum couplings. Y. V. Stadnik and V. V. Flambaum. Phys. Rev. D 89, 043522 (2014).
[8] Limiting P-odd Interactions of Cosmic Fields with Electrons, Protons and Neutrons. B. M. Roberts,
Y. V. Stadnik, V. A. Dzuba, V. V. Flambaum, N. Leefer and D. Budker. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 081601 (2014).
[9] Parity-violating interactions of cosmic fields with atoms, molecules and nuclei: Concepts and calculations for laboratory searches and extracting limits. B. M. Roberts, Y. V. Stadnik, V. A. Dzuba, V. V. Flambaum, N. Leefer and D. Budker. Phys. Rev. D 90, 096005 (2014).
[10] Enhanced violation of the Lorentz invariance and Einstein equivalence in atoms and nuclei, V.V. Flambaum. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2016.
[11] C. Abel et al. (nEDM collaboration), Phys. Rev. X7, 041034 (2017).
[12] Interference-assisted resonant detection of axion-like particles. H. B. Tran Tan, V. V. Flambaum, I. B. Samsonov, Y. V. Stadnik, D. Budker, arxiv: 1803.09388,
[13] Coherent axion-photon transformations in the forward scattering on atoms. V.V. Flambaum, I. Samsonov, D. Budker.
[14] Search for the effect of massive bodies on atomic spectra and constraints on Yukawa-type interactions of scalar particles, N. Leefer, A. Gerhardus, D. Budker, V. V. Flambaum, Y. V. Stadnik, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 271601 (2016).
[15] Improved limits on axion-like-particle-mediated P,T-violating interactions between electrons and nucleons from electric dipole moments of atoms and molecules, Y. V. Stadnik, V. A. Dzuba, V. V. Flambaum, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 0132024 (2018)
[16] Probing low-mass vector bosons with parity nonconservation and nuclear anapole moment measurements in atoms and molecules. V. A. Dzuba, V. V. Flambaum, Y. V. Stadnik, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 223201 (2017)
[17] Ionization of atoms by slow heavy particles, including dark matter. B. M. Roberts, V. V. Flambaum, and G. F. Gribakin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 023201 (2016).
[18] Dark matter scattering on electrons: Accurate calculations of atomic excitations and implications for DAMA signal. B.M. Roberts, V.A. Dzuba, V.V. Flambaum, M. Pospelov, Y.V. Stadnik, Phys. Rev.D93, 115037 (2016).
[19] E. Aprile et al (XENON collaboration) Search for Electronic Recoil Event Rate Modulation with 4 Years of XENON100 Data. Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 101101 (2017)
[20] A hypothetical effect of the Maxwell-Proca electromagnetic stresses on galaxy rotation curves. D.D. Ryutov, D. Budker, V. V. Flambaum, arxiv:1708.09514
Summary
Low-mass boson dark matter particles produced after Big Bang form classical field and/or topological defects. In contrast to traditional dark matter searches, effects produced by interaction of an ordinary matter with this field and defects may be first power in the underlying interaction strength rather than the second power or higher (which appears in a traditional search for the dark matter).This may give an enormous advantage since the dark matter interaction constant is extremely small. Interaction between the density of the dark matter particles and ordinary matter produces both ‘slow’ cosmological evolution and oscillating variations of the fundamental constants,oscillating or transient atomic electric dipole moments, precession of electron and nuclear spins about the direction of Earth’s motion through an axion dark matter. We have also shown that the electron relativistic effects increase the ionization differential cross section for WIMP scattering on electrons up to 3 orders of magnitude
Primary author
Prof.
Victor Flambaum
(University of New South Wales)
Co-authors
Prof.
Dmitry Budker
(Gutenberg University)
Dr
Yevgeny Stadnik
(Gutenberg University)
