Supernovae issued from massive star explosion produce collisionless shocks after the breakout. These shocks propagate in the dense circum-stellar wind of the progenitor star. The combination of a high density medium and shock speeds at a fraction of c make these places as potential sites of high energy cosmic ray acceleration because particles can self-drive an efficient magnetic field...
Supernova remnants are known to accelerate cosmic rays from the detection of non-thermal emission of radio waves, X-rays, and gamma rays. The presence of cut-offs in the gamma-ray spectra of several young SNRs led to the idea that the highest energies might only be achieved during the very initial stages of a remnant’s evolution. Unfortunately, the gamma-ray luminosity is assumed to peak in...
The origin of cosmic-rays is an open issue of high-energy astrophysics. Supernova remnants are expected to be the main source of Galactic cosmic rays up to energies of about 3 PeV, provided that they transfer a significant fraction of their kinetic energy to the particles (∼ 10%). In particular, the loss of such a large fraction of energy is predicted to alter the shock dynamics (shock...
