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With the extremely intense short-wavelength pulses of free-electron lasers (FELs) and high harmonic sources (HHG), novel experiments with highest spatial and temporal resolution have become possible. One key example is diffraction imaging of individual nanoparticles. Here, the elastically scattered photons form an interference pattern which encodes the object's structure. Even some three-dimensional information can be extracted if the diffraction signal reaches higher scattering angles. This enables the in-situ study of such fragile structures as superfluid helium nanodroplets and time-resolved investigations of ultrafast dynamics like e.g. laser induced ultrafast melting in metal nanoparticles. Even the changes in the electronic structure due to excitation and ionization alter the scattering response and can therefore in principle be traced. While electron dynamics occur on a timescale shorter than the typical tens of femtosecond pulse durations, an exciting development can be expected from the current progress at both XFELs and HHG sources towards high-intensity attosecond pulses.
In my talk I will present our recent developments for the automatized analysis of the huge CDI data sets and the extraction of 3D structures from wide-angle diffraction images. Further I will discuss the possibilities and first results on visualizing ultrafast electron dynamics on the nanoscale.
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Meeting ID: 922 7487 1768
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Serguei Molodtsov / Gabriella Mulá-Mathews