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The long-standing tension between theoretical predictions and experimental results for the anomalous magnetic moment (g-2) of the muon is considered to be one of the most promising directions to search for physics beyond the Standard Model at the high precision frontier. The uncertainty of the theory prediction is dominated by non-perturbative hadronic contributions. It has to be reduced considerably in the near future to confront upcoming experimental results. Lattice QCD will play a central role in this task.
I will discuss the challenges connected with a sub-percent precision determination of the hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) contribution to the muon g-2 from lattice QCD and how these can be addressed. In the last year, a set of results has been obtained for the contribution to the HVP at intermediate energies which is especially well suited for the evaluation on the lattice. I will present the details of our calculation using 2+1 flavors of O(a) improved Wilson fermions on ensembles generated by the CLS effort. The result at the physical point is well compatible with other lattice results but shows a significant deviation with respect to the evaluation based on data-driven methods. This tension has to be understood by the community in order to provide a reliable Standard Model prediction for the HVP.