The liquid-to-solid phase transition is a complex process that is difficult to investigate experimentally with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution. X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs) offer new opportunities for probing very small length- and short times-scales and make entirely new experiments possible. We employ femtosecond x-ray diffraction from microscopic liquid jets to study...
The arrival of x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) routinely made x-ray experiments with sub-500fs time-resolution possible, while additional diagnostics in combination with shot-to-shot analysis rapidly pushed this limit down to sub-100fs.
Following a decade of ultrafast time-resolved chemistry at XFELs there is a general interest to further push these temporal boundaries. ~100fs...
The European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (European XFEL) in Schenefeld, Germany enables research with free-electron laser (FEL) radiation of unique properties. The superconducting accelerator can deliver up to 27,000 electron bunches per second, used to generate ultra-short and highly coherent x-ray pulses of high average brilliance [1]. European XFEL hosts currently seven instruments...
The FemtoMAX beamline is a unique LINAC-driven time-resolved laser pump/x-ray probe beamline dedicated to study solids and liquids. The beamline is designed to explore dynamics in condensed matter materials at time scales ranging from femtoseconds to microseconds [1]. The sub-50 fs x-ray pulses are generated in two in-vacuum undulators, with a photon energy tuneable between 1.8 – 15 keV at a...
The split-and-delay unit (SDL) at the MID (Materials Imaging and Dynamics) instrument of the European XFEL enables the splitting of a single FEL pulse into two fractions and delay one fraction in the range of femtoseconds to 800 ps [1]. This allows the investigation of dynamic processes on a molecular level in a temporal window that is difficult to access experimentally [2]. Especially the...
Pulsed electrochemical method has emerged as a simple and responsive knob to increase catalyst durability and improve product selectivity. However, mechanistic understandings mostly come from traditional experimental techniques or theoretical calculations, only providing ex situ information and preventing accurate analysis of electrode processes. Herein, we developed a novel pulsed modulation...
Atomic collective motions on the sub-10 nm length scales in condensed phase samples, including crystals, glasses, and liquids, are of significant interests for both applications including heat management in information technology, and fundamental research such as glass heat capacity anomalies. While transient grating (TG) with conventional lasers has been widely utilized to measure macroscopic...
Recently the demand for accurate characterization of the electronic properties of semiconductor-based detectors is steadily increasing. In this context, at the beamline BM05of the EU synchrotron, we have developed an X-Ray Beam Induced Current (XBIC) [1] and a Time of Flight X-Ray Beam Induced Current (ToF XBIC) experiment setup. These two methods involve recording two-dimensional current maps...
