The ALICE ITS3 project will be the first application of bent pixel sensors in high energy physics experiments. Combining truly cylindrical chips of unprecedented low material budget with the migration to a new process technology node that allows stitched sensors will pave the way to a nearly massless detector system. Understanding the effects that could potentially alter its performance is of...
This gives an overview of the current status of the topic Data Management & Analysis
This is a statuts report of the DMA subtopic 1, "The Matter Information Fabric".
The ALICE Inner Tracking System has been recently upgraded to a new version (ITS2), which is entirely based on Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS). For a future upgraded tracker, the ITS3, it is intended to replace the three innermost layers of the current ITS2 to further improve its vertexing capabilities. The proposed design features wafer-scale, ultra-thin, truly cylindrical MAPS. In...
This is a status report of the DMA subtopic 2, "The Digital Scientific Method".
This is a status report of the DMA subtopic 3, "The digital experiment and machine".
This is an internal discussion session on the DMA strategy.
The implementation of new detector technologies is mandatory to continue the rapid evolution of High Energy Physics Experiments. The goal of the TANGERINE project is to develop the next generation of monolithic silicon pixel detectors using a 65 nm CMOS imaging process, which offers a higher logic density and overall lower power consumption compared to previously used processes. One objective...
In the coming years the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN is being upgraded to work at higher luminosities, leading to the High-Luminosity LHC. The HL-LHC will reach luminosities up to 5 × 1034 cm−2 s−1 collecting at least 3000 fb−1 of data in its lifetime. To handle the increased luminosity and data rate, the experiments at the LHC will be upgraded as well.
One of the proposed changes is...
A new application for monolithic pixel detectors is NASA’s AMEGO-X project, which is a low-orbit gamma ray observatory for multimessenger astrophysics, planned as a 3 to 5 year mission set to take off in 2028. For the 40-layer Compton camera, which will consist of over 64000 sensors with a total area of more than 25 m², a new low power and high dynamic range monolithic active pixel sensor...
The rising demand for fast particle detectors able to handle the increasing luminosity in High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments has led to the development of a new family of silicon detectors, namely Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs). Due to their low material budget and excellent 4D-tracking capabilities, i.e. the simultaneous measurement of the particle‘s position and time with high...
This gives an overview of the ST2 scientific goals and highlights
It is usually employed to analyze classical data in a hybrid mode but also algorithms which are fully realized on quantum computers are appearing. In this talk two examples are presented. One project aims at the accurate simulation for a calorimeter at the HL-LHC employing Quantum Generative Adversarial Networks (Q-GANs) in order to cope with tremendous number of channels and the pile-up. The...
In recent years, the measurement of the time-of-flight (TOF) of charged particles has been identified as opportunity for particle identification (PID) at the future Higgs factories (FHF) currently under discussion by the international community, including the recently updated European Strategy for Particle Physics. TOF would in particular allow to identify charged hadrons at low momenta,...
Sources of soft X-rays are highly appealing in research as they allow to image atomic- and
molecule- scaled structures, however high requirements to technical equipment complicate
application of such systems. Free electron laser is one of famous sources of ultra-intense
coherent X-ray beams. Convenient kilometer-scale electron accelerators make these
facilities expensive and difficult to...
Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) offer high gain (typically 10^5 to 10^6) and a large dynamic range from single photons to up to several 10 000 photons at low bias voltages. They consist of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) operated in Geiger mode. The small size of the SiPMs compared to conventional PMTs allows much higher integration levels of the front-end electronics. Therefore, SiPMs...
The cooperation between the DMA and the ESCAPE Open-source
Scientific Software and Service Repository (OSSR) was
established last year, A series of meetings has been
organized and held, they were dedicated to joining efforts
of DMA-ST2 and ESCAPE OSSR. It was agreed to onboard DMA
projects as a domain in the OSSR. GSI-IT took over the
management process of the DMA projects onboarding....
Open discussion on ST2 strategy and plans.
Radiotherapy is an important method in treatment of tumors. The most commonly used radiotherapy is X-ray and gamma radiation. More recently, irradiation with heavy ionized particles – such as protons and carbon ions – have been introduced clinically. The source of these particles is a particle accelerator. In contrast to X-ray and gamma radiation, ions and protons depose energy close to the...
The superconducting linear accelerator ELBE at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
is a versatile light source operated in a continuous wave (CW) mode. The CW allows flexible
electron bunch repetition rates and high average current, thus enabling experiments that
would otherwise be impossible to perform, hence the versatility.
Time resolved pump-probe experiments place higher demands...
With the development of kW-level average power Ti:Sapphire laser, thermal management becomes increasingly challenging. One key component, which currently limits the scaling towards higher average powers, is the final pulse compressor. Compressor gratings that provide sufficient spectral bandwidth to support few-10 femtosecond pulses – as required by many applications – are typically...
The LUXE experiment is an experiment, still in the planning stage, which aims to observe then characterise strong-field quantum electrodynamics interactions by colliding the high-quality high-energy EU.XFEL electron beam with a powerful LASER. Colliding LASER pulses with bunches of 1.5 × 10^9 electrons / 1 × 10^8 photons at 1Hz, this high-statistics environment presents an opportunity to probe...
Hi-current compact accelerator-based neutron sources (Hi-CANS) offer a promising alternative to small and medium reactor and spallation based neutron research facilities. They do not require research reactors or high-energy spallation sources as they efficiently utilize nuclear processes at low acceleration energies. For the research and development of the various components and areas relevant...
BESSY II third generation light source is a 1.7 GeV storage ring. It delivers high intensity 15ps pulses in standard user optics and shorter pulses in low alpha optics with reduced intensity. The integrated 3rd harmonic copper cavities (so called Landau cavities) are operated in passive mode and enable lifetime improvement of the storage ring. Currently a new type of 3rd harmonic cavity is...
The ever increasing amount of data that is produced by modern scientific facilities like EuXFEL or LHC puts a high pressure on the data management infrastructure at the laboratories. This includes poorly shareable resources of archival storage, typically, tape libraries. To achieve maximal efficiency of the available tape resources a deep integration between hardware and software components...
Beam-driven plasma-wakefield acceleration is a promising avenue for the future design of compact linear accelerators with applications in high-energy physics and photon science. Meeting the luminosity and brilliance demands of current users requires the delivery of thousands of bunches per second – many orders of magnitude beyond the current state-of-the-art of plasma-wakefield accelerators,...
The AI Accelerator is a small but growing team within ZEISS, founded less than a year ago. Its mission is to support all parts of the ZEISS business with Data Science and ML expertise, covering the full ML lifecycle, including productive deployment. This talk will explain how the AI Accelerator fits into the wider ZEISS ML landscape, what its ambitions are and what steps are taken to achieve them.
This talk gives an overview of the achievements of DMA and presents scientific highlights.
This gives an overview of the ST1 scientific goals and highlights
New photon science experiments have reached the point where it is no longer possible to save all our original data. Due to the wide range of techniques used in photon science, a variety of data reduction strategies are needed to solve this problem; here, we give an overview of current methods and promising areas for future development.
The topic of electronic documentation draws more and more attention in the research field. The goal of the electronic documentation is to create the most complete descriptions of a data set. This talk provides an overview from the initialization in a research environment over the components, structure and interactions. How the electronic documentation is constructed depends on the existing IT...
Open discussion on ST1 strategy and plans.
MALTA is a depleted monolithic active pixel sensor developed in the Tower 180 nm CMOS imaging process.
Monolithic CMOS sensors offer advantages over current hybrid imaging sensors both in terms of increased
tracking performance due to lower material budget but also in terms of ease of integration and construction
costs due to the integration of read-out and active sensor into one chip....
Examples of machine learning used in ARD with contributions from DESY, GSI, HZB, HZDR, and KIT. Open for discussion on the possible impact of machine learning on the ARD research programme.
In this talk, we introduce you to the recent progress of automated methods for accelerator controls at DESY. We present our activities towards automated control using reinforcement learning. We show our activities in automated control and software development for controls of the PETRA III storage ring. Lastly, we demonstrate our recent progress in data-driven anomaly detection activities at...
The "Pixelated Energy Resolving CMOS Imager, Versatile And Large" (PERCIVAL) is a monolithic CMOS active pixel sensor for soft X-rays in synchrotron rings and free-electron lasers. The first back-illuminated full-size sensor, P2M, has a large continuous sensitive area of 4 cm x 4 cm (1408 x 1484 pixels of 27 um x 27 um) and has been applied to user experiments at FLASH and Petra III. A new...
The Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon is operating several tomography end stations at the
synchrotron radiation facility PETRA III at DESY in Hamburg, Germany. Here, we give an overview
of the reconstruction, processing and analysis of tomography data and report on the latest
development including machine learning for image enhancement, segmentation, and multimodal
data analysis, a guided...
Currently the landscape of Synchrotron Radiation sources is experiencing a major change by planned or ongoing machine upgrades: Most storage rings reach the diffraction limit, causing an expected increase in brilliance by about two orders of magnitude. Most FEL1 sources increase repetition rates to around 100kHz. This also holds true for the European XFEL2, where a change from the train mode...
Building high-fidelity digitial twins through start-to-end models to better understand
and control advanced laser-plasma accelerators, as well as compact free-electron laser
beamlines, requires direct comparison to experimental data. We highlight recent results in startto-
end simulations and developments with a focus on their connection to experiment, such as by
synthetic diagnostics and...
We present multiple applications of disentangled variational autoencoder while
compressing high-dimensional data into a human-interpretable representation.
There is a growing need for large area X-ray sensors. The next generation of X-ray sensors will be oriented towards digital imaging by making use of semiconductor materials with direct conversion at high efficiency so-called High-Z materials. Up to now, the production of large area sensors based on highly efficient semiconductors is limited. These limitations are related to growth process and...
Open discussion on ST3 topics
High average power, kHz laser plasma acceleration (LPA) is an emerging technique
which could supply few MeV, few femtoseconds electron bunches with high average
current. Such electron beams can be transformative for many industrial applications,
for ultrafast pump-probe studies as well as drivers for secondary sources. Tailoring
the plasma profile is an essential part, allowing to control...
We combine ab initio path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) simulations with fixed ionic
configurations, obtained by DFT-MD simulations, in order to solve the electronic problem
for hydrogen under warm dense matter conditions. To solve the divergence problem in
the Ewald-sum for attractive potentials we employ the pair-approximation. This approach
is compared against the much simpler Kelbg...
Software as an important method and output of research should follow the RDA "FAIR for Research Software Principles". In practice, this means that research software, whether open, inner or closed source, should be published with rich metadata to enable FAIR4RS.
For research software practitioners, this currently often means to follow an arduous and mostly manual process of software...
Laser-plasma accelerators (LPA) are one the verge of becoming drivers for real-world science applications. However, in order to be considered serious alternatives to conventional machines they need to be able to provide competitive quality and versatility of the electron beam parameters as requested by potential applications. As shown by numerous experiments in the past LPAs are in principle...
Plasma accelerators promise to revolutionise many areas of accelerator science. However, one of the greatest challenges to their widespread adoption is the difficulty in the control and optimisation of the accelerator outputs due to coupling between input parameters and the dynamic evolution of the accelerating structure. Here, we use machine learning techniques to automate a 100 MeV-scale...
The heavy ion synchrotron SIS100 at the FAIR facility, which is currently built at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum in Darmstadt, will provide heavy ion beams of highest intensities, 5e11 Uranium particles per pulse. For FAIR operation, the existing heavy ion synchrotron SIS18 at GSI will be used as a booster synchrotron for SIS100. Four injections of 1.25e11 will be accumulated in SIS100 for further...
Two parallel, corrugated plates will be installed at the KIT storage ring KARA (KArlsruhe Research Accelerator). This impedance manipulation structure can be used to study and eventually control the electron beam dynamics and the emitted coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) at KARA.
In this contribution, we present the design of the impedance manipulation structure with corrugated plates,...
When developing future accelerators the particle source is not the only challenge, but also the matching of particles is important. In this poster a new alternative to common matching devices will be presented, the tapered plasma lens.
As a first step a downscaled version of an already proposed plasma lens for the ILC positron source was designed. This process includes CFD simulations and...
Electro-optical (EO) methods are well-proven diagnostic tools, which are utilized to detect THz fields in countless experiments. The world’s first near-field EO sampling monitor at an electron storage ring was developed and installed at the KIT storage ring KARA (Karlsruhe Research Accelerator) and optimized to detect longitudinal bunch profiles. This experiment with other diagnostic...
Laser-plasma accelerators (LPAs) outperform current radiofrequency technology in acceleration strength by orders of magnitude. Yet, enabling them to deliver competitive beam quality for demanding applications, particularly in terms of energy spread and stability, remains a major challenge. Here, we report on a recently published method that combines bunch decompression and active plasma...
S-band RF-guns are highly developed for production of low emittance relativistic electron bunches, but need powerful klystrons for driving. Here, we present the design and first experimental tests of a compact S-band gun, which can accelerate electrons up to 180 keV powered by only 10 kW from a compact rack-mountable solid-state amplifier. A pin-cathode is used to enhance the RF electric field...
Few-cycle shadowgraphy is a valuable diagnostic for laser-plasma accelerators for obtaining insight into the $\mu$m- and fs-scale relativistic plasma dynamics. To enhance the understanding of experimental shadowgrams, we developed a synthetic shadowgram diagnostic within the fully relativistic particle-in-cell code PIConGPU.
In the shadowgraphy diagnostic, the probe laser is propagated...
Neutron research in Europe is mainly based on various nuclear reactors that will be successively decommissioned over the next years. This means that despite the commissioning of the European Spallation Source ESS, many neutron research centers, especially in the medium flux regime, will disappear. In response to this situation, the Jülich Center for Neutron Science (JCNS) has begun the...
HELIPORT is a data management solution that aims at making the components and steps of the entire research experiment's life cycle discoverable, accessible, interoperable and reusable according to the FAIR principles.
Among other information, HELIPORT integrates documentation, scientific workflows, and the final publication of the research results - all via already established solutions for...
Current noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices suffer from various sources of intrinsic quantum noise. Overcoming the effects of noise is a major challenge, for which different error mitigation and error correction techniques have been proposed.
In this paper, we conduct a first study of the performance of quantum Generative Adversarial Networks (qGANs) in the presence of different types...
Beam-driven plasma-wakefield acceleration has the potential to reduce the building cost of accelerator facilities, with large accelerating fields that are orders of magnitude greater than those of radio-frequency cavities. Sustaining strong decelerating fields for the driver and strong accelerating fields for the trailing bunch across long plasma stages will be key to demonstrating high energy...
The heavy-ion synchrotron SIS100 is the core machine of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt, Germany. It is capable of accelerating a large range of ions, produced by the injector (the upgraded GSI facility), up to highly relativistic velocities and extracting them for unique experiments, e.g. APPA/SPARC. In order to cool such intense beams of relativistic heavy...
Reinforcement learning (RL) has enabled the development of intelligent controllers for complex tasks that previously required human intuition to solve. In the context of particle accelerators, there exist many such tasks and solving them with conventional methods takes away from scarce experiment time and limits the operability of accelerators. We demonstrate how to successfully apply RL to...
At the KARA accelerator, after the electron bunches are per-accelerated by a 3 GHz microtron, a booster synchrotron operating at 500 MHz is used to increase the energy of the electrons from 50 MeV to 500 MeV, before they are injected into the storage ring. Due to various effects, the injection efficiency from to the ring is rather low. To investigate these inefficiencies and remedy them, fast...
MALTA is a depleted monolithic active pixel sensor developed in the Tower 180 nm CMOS imaging process. Monolithic CMOS sensors offer advantages over current hybrid imaging sensors both in terms of increased tracking performance due to lower material budget but also in terms of ease of integration and construction costs due to the integration of read-out and active sensor into one chip. Current...
The German National Research Data Infrastructur (Nationale Forschungsdaten-Infrastruktur, NFDI e.V.) was founded to promote open data in the german research system under consideration of the FAIR principles ("findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable”). The implementation is performed in consortia which represent different areas in science. At DESY, we house two NFDI consortia:...
The alpaka library is a header-only C++17 abstraction library for development across hardware accelerators (CPUs, GPUs, FPGAs). Its aim is to provide performance portability across accelerators through the abstraction (not hiding!) of the underlying levels of parallelism. In this poster we will show the concepts behind alpaka, how it is mapped to the various underlying hardware models, and...
We report on our latest developments of a planar fiber-chip-coupling scheme, using angle polished, polarization maintaining (PM) fibers. Most integrated photonic chip components are polarization sensitive and a suitable way to launch several wavelength channels to the chip with the same polarization is the use of PM fibers. Those impose several challenges at processing and handling to achieve...
Recent developments regarding metallic magnetic calorimeters (MMCs) have resulted in a new class of detectors for precision X-ray spectroscopy, for example the maXs series of detectors [1] (cryogenic microcalorimeter arrays for high resolution X-ray spectroscopy), which have been developed within the SPARC collaboration. These detectors are based on the following measurement principle: The...
The FAIR complex at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum will generate heavy ion beams of ultimate intensities. To achieve this goal, low charge states have to be used. However, the probability for charge exchange in collision with residual gas particles of such ions is much higher than for higher charge states. In order to lower the residual gas density to extreme high vacuum conditions, 65% of the...
The matter-antimatter asymmetry might be understood by investigating the EDM (Electric Dipole Moment) of elementary charged particles. A permanent EDM of a subatomic particle violates time reversal and parity symmetry at the same time and would be, with the currently achievable experimental accuracy, an indication for further CP violation than established in the Standard Model.
The...
A superconducting helical undulator is not only very compact but also more effective in terms of synchrotron radiation production and free-electron laser (FEL) amplification compared to other undulator geometries. Furthermore, the superconductor is used very efficiently in a helical geometry with respect to the undulator field generation and the produced circular polarized photons are suitable...
The production of low emittance positron beams for future linear and circular lepton colliders, like CLIC or FCC-ee, requires high-field damping wigglers. Just as compact free-electron lasers (FELs) require high-field but as well short-period undulators to emit highly energetic, coherent photons. Using high-temperature superconductors (HTS) in the form of coated ReBCO tape superconductors...
To reduce the projected transverse beam emittance, a solenoid is usually used at normal conducting as well as superconducting radio frequency (SRF) photoinjectors. At the ELBE SRF Gun-II, a superconducting solenoid is located inside the gun´s cryomodule about 0.1 m far from the end of the gun cavity. The aberration of the solenoid field, such as the quadrupole component, will influence the...
Laser-plasma acceleration (LPA) promises compact sources of high-brightness electron beams for science and industry. However, transforming LPA into a technology to drive real-world applications remains a challenge. Machine learning techniques could prove decisive in further understanding and improving the performance of these machines. Here, we discuss the application of supervised learning to...
The interaction of overdense and/or near-critical plasmas with ultra-intense laser pulses presents a promising approach to enable the development of very compact sources for high-energetic ions. However, current records for maximum proton energies are still below the required values for many applications, and challenges such as stability and spectral control remain unsolved to this day. In...
Numerical beam dynamics simulations are essential tools
in the study and design of particle accelerators, but they can
be prohibitively slow for online prediction during operation
or for systematic evaluations of new parameter settings. Ma-
chine learning-based surrogate models of the accelerator pro-
vide much faster predictions of the beam properties and can
serve as a virtual...
Long-wavelength neutrons for the investigation of nano-scale materials are an indispensable tool in neutron research. To slow down the free neutrons produced in a large-scale source to energies of a few meV and below, hydrogen-rich materials at cryogenic temperatures are applied.
At the High Brilliance Neutron Source (HBS) project, multiple cold moderators will be positioned inside the same...
Coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) is emitted when the emitting structure is equal to or smaller than the observed wavelength. Consequently, these pulses are very short and most detectors respond with their impulse response, regard- less of the pulse length and shape. Here we present single- shot measurements performed at the Karlsruhe Research Accelerator (KARA) using a fast real-time...
