Speaker
Description
The fractional dark energy (FDE) model describes the accelerated expansion of the Universe through a non-relativistic gas of particles with a non-canonical kinetic term. This term is proportional to the absolute value of the three-momentum to the power of 3w, where w is simply the dark energy equation of state parameter, and the corresponding energy leads to an energy density that mimics the cosmological constant. This inverse momentum operator appears in fractional quantum mechanics and it is the inverse of the Riesz fractional derivative. The observed vacuum energy can be obtained through the integral of the Fermi-Dirac (or Bose-Einstein) distribution and the lowest allowed energy of the particles. Furthermore, a system of FDE particles may present negative absolute temperatures (NAT). NAT are possible in quantum systems and in cosmology, if there exists an upper bound on the energy. This maximum energy is one ingredient of the FDE model and indicates a connection between FDE and NAT, if FDE is composed of fermions. In this scenario, the equation of state parameter is equal to minus one and the transition from positive to negative temperatures could happen in the early Universe.
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