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Description
ANDESPix is a digital silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) designed to readout scintillating fibers with low light intensity, as part of a muon counter. Thereby, photons should be detected with very high time resolution (<100 ps) in order to identify impinging muons and their time of arrival (ToA) on the muon counters.
In contrary to a standard analog SiPM, in ANDESPix each single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) has its own digital readout including a time-to-digital converter (TDC). The digital readout also allows to receive detailed spacial information of incoming photons. This may lead to better understanding of their nature and increasing detector efficiency, as e.g. improving fiber alignment to the SiPM. Another advantage is that noisy SPADs can be disabled.
ANDESPix is designed in 110 nm CMOS technology from LFoundry (LF11IS). For this technology, LFoundry has collaborated with FBK (Trento, Italy) to develop and to include SPADs for the wavelength range from 400nm to 850nm with high time resolution, good photon detection efficiency (PDE) and low dark count rate (DCR).
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