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The 9th annual meeting of the programme "Matter and Technologies" will be hosted by KIT in Karlsruhe from Monday, October 9, 2023, to Wednesday, October 11, 2023.
The traditional Student Retreat, scheduled for October 11 to October 12 will also be hosted by KIT.
This contribution will present the recent measurements performed at KIT to calibrate scintillation detectors for the IceCube Surface Array Enhancement with radioactive sources as reference for deposited energy.
Recently, free electron lasing at UV wavelength, seeded by a laser plasma accelerator has been demonstrated at the COXINEL beamline in collaboration with HZDR[1]. Further control and optimization of FEL radiation requires full knowledge of strongly-coupled multivariate parameters involved in laser plasma acceleration, electron beam transport and radiation generation. For this purpose, one has to solve an inverse problem, i.e. find matching parameters of the simulation to reproduce the experiment. Such inverse problems are ill-posed and cannot be easily resolved due to high computational complexity. Here, machine learning-based methods have a high potential to accelerate theoretical comprehension of the system, provide novel means for design space exploration and promise reliable in-situ analysis of experimental diagnostics and parameters. We apply the simulation-based inference technique for this purpose. This method is a combination of deep learning and statistical approaches to resolve an inverse problem into a multivariate posterior distribution of the simulation parameters given an experimental sample. In addition, we have developed machine learning-based surrogate models that can significantly accelerate forward computations for even faster results of the inverse solver.
Temperature mapping systems have been used for many years to detect local heating in an SRF cavity surface or materials sample. They require a large number of temperature sensors. Most often, low-cost Allen-Bradley resistors are used for this purpose. Since they have poor sensitivity and reproducibility above $4 \,$K, sensor alternatives that combine the precision of Cernox sensors with the low-cost of Allen-Bradley resistors would be highly desirable. In this work various semiconductor components that exhibit a temperature dependent electrical response, such as diodes and LEDs were analyzed with respect to sensitivity, reproducibility and response speed in a temperature range between $6.5\,$K and $22\,$K. In this range, many diodes and LEDs were found to be more sensitive than Cernox sensors. However, in some components the response time was slow – possibly due to poor thermal contact.
Particle accelerators are complex and energy-intensive facilities that require extensive and inter-twined connections with the public electrical grid. Furthermore, accelerator facilities are well known for their low power demand flexibility, which depends only on experimental operations, and it must be accommodated independently from the grid. So, it is necessary to develop, and test new energy solutions for an energy-efficient and stable operation of particle accelerators. However, validating novel solutions at a research facility is difficult because technical problems can disrupt the research process.
In the ACCESS (Accelerator Energy System Stability) Project, a digital twin of the accelerator KARA will be realized at Energy Lab 2.0 in a real-time simulation environment. The goal is to validate any energy solutions that can be applied to accelerators in a safe and flexible environment (simulation) without interfering with KARA experiments, while retaining high accuracy (digital twinning).
As the first step, the electrical system of KARA will be modeled. A real-time communication infrastructure between KARA and Energy Lab 2.0 will be installed in order to transfer measurement data in real time from the accelerator to the simulated environment. Once initial communication is established between the two labs, voltage and current sensors are placed at specific strategic points on the KARA to capture the state of the system with high time resolution. Voltage and current curves are saved in local data memory together with the experiment sequence and sent to the digital real-time system OPAL-RT available in Energy Lab 2.0 via a fiber optic backbone at full sampling rates.
This work will provide a look at the first results of the ACCESS project and will highlight the need for fast measurement systems in particle accelerators
With careful consideration of respective interfaces, both on the side of electronics, as well as user-interfaces, it is possible to build data-acquisition (DAQ) systems of remarkable performance, using almost exclusively well-established consumer-grade computing methods and equipment. Consumer-grade computing equipment and software systems have made tremendous advancements in core metrics, both in regards to computation and data-transfer and stand as promising alternatives to the common practice in most large-scale scientific instrumentation to provide required DAQ functionality through the development of custom electronics.
Our group at the Institute for Data Processing and Electronics of the KIT is currently investigating the possibility of building heterogeneous DAQ systems that can offer unprecedented flexibility to scientists in the way of how raw data of an experiment is recorded and processed, by providing cloud-based infrastructures based on high-speed data transfer, powerful computing accelerators, programmable hardware and machine learning applications. We will showcase and discuss the envisioned systems, for which we have established the term 'Software-Defined-DAQ', as well as the current progress of our investigations in regards to hardware and software architecture.
In the framework of the development of the HBS High Brilliance Neutron Source we have built the JULIC Neutron Platform with a complete neutron target station mock-up of the HBS at the pulsed JULIC cyclotron of the Institute for Nuclear Physics IKP at Forschungszentrum Jülich. It went in operation in December 2023. Despite the limited proton current of the cyclotron the facility is well suitable for technology tests and proof-of-principle experiments for accelerator-based neutron facilities. At current 6 beamlines with 3 thermal, 1 fast and 2 cold neutron beams are available. Activities regarding target development, moderator performances as well as detector testing and imaging applications have been performed partly with support of the HBS Innovationpool project.
In high-energy physics, upgrades for particle detectors and studies on future particle detectors are largely based on silicon sensors as tracking devices. Consequently, there is a need to investigate silicon sensor concepts that offer large-area coverage and cost-efficiency.
Sensors based on the CMOS imaging technology present such an alternative silicon sensor concept for tracking detectors.
As this technology is a standardised industry process it can provide a lowered sensor cost, as well as access to fast and large-scale production from a variety of vendors.
The CMOS Strips project is investigating passive CMOS strip sensors fabricated by LFoundry in a 150nm technology.
By employing the technique of stitching two different strip formats of the sensor have been realised.
Besides, the strip design varies in doping concentration and width of the strip implant to study various depletion concepts and electric field configurations.
The sensor performance is evaluated based on test beam measurements conducted at the DESY II test beam facility at DESY Hamburg.
This presentation will provide results of the test beam data analysis with the Corryvreckan software, as well as comparisons between irradiated and unirradiated strip sensors, concerning their hit detection efficiency.
With regard to the growing need for suitable hydrogen storage systems in various application areas, this poster is about two alternative concepts for hydrogen storage based on cryogenic pumps such as GSI's SIS100 cryosorption pump.
First, the basic principles of condensation and adsorption in cryopumps are described. Furthermore the conventional hydrogen storage systems are explained. Following this, the paper discusses the concept of combining adsorption storage and liquid hydrogen storage, as well as introducing the concept of solid hydrogen storage. Finally, possible experiments and research approaches are given.
To meet the requirements of different users, modern storage ring light sources, including BESSY II, use complex filling patterns. For this reason, there is a need for beam diagnostics with bunch resolution. At BESSY II, longitudinal bunch-resolved diagnostics have been made possible by the use of a streak camera, which uses the visible light of a bending magnet. To complement the bunch-resolved diagnostics at BESSY II, a fast-gated ICCD camera has been installed on a nearby beamline connected to the same dipole magnet. This camera enables bunch-resolved transverse diagnostics through direct imaging as well as interferometry with visible light. After an upgrade regarding the repetition rate, now the maximum illumination rate exceeds the BESSY II revolution frequency of 1.25MHz. This poster presents the characterisation of optical magnification, spatial resolution, and time resolution of the fast-gated ICCD camera. Furthermore, results of initial measurements will be presented
An R&D platform for electron FLASH radiation therapy and radiation biology is being prepared at the Photo Injector Test facility at DESY in Zeuthen (FLASHlab@PITZ). This platform is based on the unique beam parameters available at PITZ: ps scale electron bunches of up to 22 MeV with up to 5 nC bunch charge at MHz bunch repetition rate in bunch trains of up to 1 ms in length repeating at 1 to 10 Hz. It can provide an extremely wide dose and dose rate parameter range, from conventional dose rate of a few Gy/min to ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) of 10^6 Gy/s to even 10^12 Gy/s. It will be used for dosimetry experiments and studying radiation effects in samples and small animals.
A startup beamline has been put into operation at PITZ for dosimetry studies and first in vitro experiments on chemical, biochemical and biological samples such as water, biopolymer, cancer and normal cells with various doses at the conventional dose rate and ultra-high dose rate. The ongoing installation of an animal lab will allow studying FLASH effects with small animals such as zebrafish embryos and mice. In addition, a dedicated beamline for FLASHlab@PITZ has been designed and is being built for better control of the high brightness electron beams. This includes a dogleg to translate the beam and a 2D kicker system to scan the tiny beam, focused by quadrupoles across the samples within less than 1 ms. Start-to-end simulations have been performed, showing that tiny electron beam size (sub mm RMS) can be reached in a huge charge range (sub pC to 5 nC). The preparation of the full beamline and the first in vitro studies of the chemical and biological effects of FLASHlab@PITZ beam are reported.
Software as an important method and output of research should follow the RDA "FAIR for Research Software Principles". In practice, this means that research software, whether open, inner or closed source, should be published with rich metadata to enable FAIR4RS.
For research software practitioners, this currently often means to follow an arduous and mostly manual process of software publication. HERMES (https://software-metadata.pub), a project funded by the Helmholtz Metadata Collaboration, aims to alleviate this situation. We develop configurable, executable workflows for the publication of rich metadata for research software, alongside the software itself.
These workflows follow a push-based approach: they use existing continuous integration solutions, integrated in common code platforms such as GitHub or GitLab, to harvest, unify and collate software metadata from source code repositories and code platform APIs. These workflows include curation processes for the unified metadata, and deposit them on publication platforms. The deposits are based on deposition requirements and curation steps defined by a targeted publication platform, the author's institution, or a software management plan.
In addition, the HERMES project works to make the widely-used publication platforms InvenioRDM and Dataverse "research software-ready", i.e. able to ingest software publications with rich metadata, and represent software publications and metadata in a way that supports findability, accessibility, and assessability of the published software versions. Subsequent to their publication, an additional step in the HERMES workflow registers software releases in software catalogues such as the Research Software Directory (RSD), or disciplin and project specific variants. In the future, the Helmholtz RSD will provide data for comprehensive knowledge graphs such as HMC unHIDE and thus increase the visibility of the software significantly.
In summary, the project improves the publication and curation process as well as the discoverability of software publications by providing configurable tools that interact with common services.
Presentation of preparations in view of POF V
The DESY II Test Beam Facility is major workhorse for detector development for particle and nuclear physics.
Over 400 users use the facility each year with the LHC groups taking around 50% of the available beam time.
With the installation of PETRA IV, the current injector of PETRA, DESY II will be decommissioned, which means that the current Test Beam facility will also be dismantled. The new injector - DESY IV - will however offer new opportunities for test beam generation, which I'll outline in this talk.
https://kit-lecture.zoom-x.de/j/65836476992?pwd=RWhVU1NxL1ZkMU5xZWpLVi9hMDE2UT09
Meeting-ID: 658 3647 6992
DMA parallel sessions
https://kit-lecture.zoom-x.de/j/65836476992?pwd=RWhVU1NxL1ZkMU5xZWpLVi9hMDE2UT09
Meeting-ID: 658 3647 6992
The CMOS Sensor MIMOSIS is being developed to equip the Micro Vertex
Detector (MVD) of the CBM experiment at FAIR in Darmstadt, Germany. It
will feature 1024 × 504 pixels and combine a time resolution of 5 µs
with a spatial resolution of ∼ 5 µm. Moreover, it will have to handle a
peak rate of 80 MHz/cm² and radiation doses of 5 MRad and up to 10e14
neq/cm² per year. It is being developed within a joined R&D program
of IPHC Strasbourg, Goethe University Frankfurt and GSI.
The first full size sensor prototype MIMOSIS-1 was developed and tested
intensely. It hosts conventional DC-coupled pixels and innovative
AC-coupled pixels suited to fully deplete the sensing element with
voltages of up to 20V. The detection performances of the device, its
immunity to the above-mentioned radiation doses and heavy ion impacts
was studied in the laboratory and in a series of beam tests at DESY,
CERN, and GSI. The contribution will summarize the design considerations
of MIMOSIS and discuss the results obtained.
Radiotherapy is an important method in treatment of tumors. The most commonly used radiotherapy is X-ray and gamma radiation. More recently, irradiation with heavy ionized particles – such as protons and carbon ions – have been introduced clinically. The source of these particles is a particle accelerator. In contrast to X-ray and gamma radiation, ions and protons depose energy close to the end of their path, in a small tissue volume (Bragg-peak). By adjusting the beam direction and particle energy, it can be achieved that the largest portion of energy is delivered to the tumor and the healthy tissue in front and behind is less affected.
The present beam monitors are made of gas-filled ionization and multi-wire projection chambers (MWPC) that provide dose, position, and spot size information. We are developing a replacement detector system based on HV-CMOS technology. This technology promises to not only match the current beam monitoring system, but also significantly improve some key parameters: better spatial resolution, smaller integration time, 2-dimensional depiction of the beam spot and operational in a wider beam parameter range. However, the biggest advantage of a solid-state detector over MWPCs is the magnetic field tolerance. A simultaneous operation of magnetic resonance imaging and ion-irradiation allows for aiming at moving tumors deep inside the human body while sparing sensitive organs, like lung, colon or heart.
HV-CMOS is the right choice of technology, since standard monolithic active pixel sensors (MAPS) are not radiation tolerant enough to survive months or even years of continuous in-beam operation, while hybrid detectors exceed the material budget and are inhomogeneous affecting the beam (bumps). We have designed four pixel chips: HitPix1, a small test chip with in-pixel hit-counting electronics. HitPix2 is larger and with improved frontend for highest rates. HitPixInt integrates the deposited charge. All share a frame based readout and the ability to calculate the projection of the beam profile on-chip. The sensors have been successfully tested at the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT) in a medical beam and in the magnetic field of an MRI-machine.
The characterization results have been used in the design of the latest chip version - HitPix3.
Using HitPix2 we have built a multi-chip (2x5) detector demonstrator and with it we have conducted beam tests successfully. The next step is a 5x5 chip detector for long term evaluation at Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center.
DMA parallel sessions
https://kit-lecture.zoom-x.de/j/65836476992?pwd=RWhVU1NxL1ZkMU5xZWpLVi9hMDE2UT09
Meeting-ID: 658 3647 6992
Non-destructive, absolute, DC measurement of small beam currents is the domain of superconducting CCCs.
In this presentation, the three present places of activity are discussed, CERN-AD, FAIR, and the basic research in the area Jena.
The latest laboratory results of smaller CCCs are presented: Single pulse resolutions below 1 nApp, a white noise currnet density of 1 pA/sqrt(Hz) and a bandwidth of over 1 MHz.
The plans for transferring these results to the world of the large FAIR-CCC are explained.
Finally, the possibilities and limits of alternative, non-cryogenic solutions are discussed.
Room-temperature data acquisition for upcoming superconducting cryogenic circuits often requires high-fidelity radio frequency signal generation and analysis. Integrated software-defined radio systems enable high throughput, low-latency interfacing, and readout capability to perform these tasks. These systems consist of FPGAs for real-time digital signal processing, AD/DA conversion, and a signal conditioning front-end for mixing the signals into the desired frequency range.
Modern converters with sampling rates in the GHz range enable higher signal bandwidth to increase frequency multiplex factors but necessitate multi-octave radio frequency engineering. Errors of various origins affect the signal at every stage of the readout chain, thus requiring careful management of their undesirable effects. This talk will give an introduction to commonly employed strategies to ensure quantum-limited readout for qubits and precision cryogenic sensor readout technology and give an insight into the lessons learned from past and ongoing developments within our group.
An active target detector allows direct reaction studies at small momentum transfer, not possible with any other techniques except usage of the storage rings with internal gas targets. The active target detector is based on a gas detector concept where the gas constitutes both the target and the detection medium. The unique concept of the detector – without gas amplification - is based on the experience obtained with the first-generation active target setup IKAR used in previous experiments at GSI, but is extended with respect to a larger variety of reactions, much higher beam rates and heavier beams of nuclei up to uranium. The design is proved during two test experiments at CERN and new advanced large-size active target detector is under construction. Once ready, it will be used for the Proton Radius Measurement together with AMBER collaboration at CERN and thus commissioned for the experiments within the R3B setup at FAIR. Details of the operational principles and detector construction will be given.