Description
Conveners:
Shikma Bressler (Weizmann Institute)
Stefano de Capua (Manchester University)
Friederike Januschek (DESY)
Jochen Klein (CERN)
Contact: eps23-conveners-t12 @desy.de
The Pierre Auger Observatory was built to study ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. It has a hybrid design that allows one to observe the main features of extensive air showers with unprecedented precision. However, these discoveries have opened new questions about the nature of cosmic rays. One of the most intriguing is the discrepancy between the observed number of muons and the expected value...
We present an estimation of the noise induced by scattered light inside the main arms of the Einstein Telescope (ET) gravitational wave detector. Both ET configurations for high- and low-frequency interferometers are considered. As it is already the case in the existing experiments, like LIGO and Virgo, optically coated baffles are used to mitigate and suppress the noise inside the vacuum...
The Any Light Particle Search II (ALPS II) is a Light-Shining-through-a-Wall experiment operating at DESY, Hamburg. Its goal is to probe the existence of Axions and Axion Like Particles (ALPs), possible candidates for dark matter. In the ALPS II region of interest, a rate of photons reconverting from Axions/ALPs on the order of $10^{-5}$ cps is expected. A first science run at lower...
Neutron spectroscopy is an invaluable tool for many scientific and industrial applications, including searches for dark matter. In deep underground dark matter experiments, neutron induced background produced by cosmic ray muons and natural radioactivity, may mimic a signal. However, neutron detection techniques are complex and, thus, measurements remain elusive. Use of $^3$He based detectors...
LaBr3:Ce crystals have been introduced for radiation imaging in medical
physics, with photomultiplier or single SiPM readout. An R & D was pursued
using 1” LaBr3:Ce to realize compact large area detectors with SiPM array readout, aiming at high light yields, good energy resolution, good detector linearity and fast time response for low-energy X-rays. A natural application was found inside...
With the restart of the proton-proton collision program in 2022 (Run-3) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the ATLAS detector aims to double the integrated luminosity accumulated during the ten previous years of operation. After this data-taking period the LHC will undergo an ambitious upgrade program to be able to deliver an instantaneous luminosity of $7.5\times 10^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$,...
In the high-luminosity era of the Large Hadron Collider, the instantaneous luminosity is expected to reach unprecedented values, resulting in up to 200 proton-proton interactions in a typical bunch crossing. To cope with the resulting increase in occupancy, bandwidth and radiation damage, the ATLAS Inner Detector will be replaced by an all-silicon system, the Inner Tracker (ITk). The innermost...
The inner detector of the present ATLAS experiment has been designed and developed to function in the environment of the present Large Hadron Collider (LHC). At the ATLAS Phase-II Upgrade, the particle densities and radiation levels will exceed current levels by a factor of ten. The instantaneous luminosity is expected to reach unprecedented values, resulting in up to 200 proton-proton...
In June 2022 the data taking of the Belle II experiment was stopped for the Long Shutdown 1 (LS1), which is primarily required to install a new two-layer DEPFET detector (PXD) and upgrade components of the accelerator. The whole silicon tracker (VXD) will be extracted from Belle II, then the outer four-layer double-sided strip detector (SVD) is split into its two halves to allow access for the...
With the emergence of advanced Si sensor technologies such as LGADs, it is now possible to achieve exceptional time measurement precision below 50 ps. As a result, the implementation of time-of-flight (TOF) particle identification for charged hadrons at future $e^{+}e^{-}$ Higgs factory detectors has gained an increasing attention. Other particle identification techniques require a gaseous...
The increase of the particle flux (pile-up) at the HL-LHC with instantaneous luminosities up to L ≃ 7.5 × 1034 cm−2s −1 will have a severe impact on the ATLAS detector reconstruction and trigger performance. The end-cap and forward region where the liquid Argon calorimeter has coarser granularity and the inner tracker has poorer momentum resolution will be particularly affected. A High...
The LHCb experiment has been upgraded during the second long shutdown of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, and the new detector is currently operating at the LHC. The Vertex Locator (VELO) is the detector surrounding the interaction region of the LHCb experiment and is responsible of reconstructing the proton-proton collision (primary vertices) as well as the decay vertices of long-lived...
The high-luminosity upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC) brings unprecedented requirements for real-time and precision bunch-by-bunch online luminosity measurement and beam-induced background monitoring. A key component of the CMS Beam Radiation Instrumentation and Luminosity (BRIL) system is a stand-alone luminometer, the Fast Beam Condition Monitor (FBCM), which is fully independent from the CMS...
The International Large Detector (ILD) is a detector designed primarily for the International Linear Collider (ILC), a high-luminosity linear electron-positron collider with an initial center-of-mass energy of 250 GeV, extendable to 1 TeV.
The ILD concept is based on particle flow for overall event reconstruction, which requires outstanding detector capabilities including superb tracking,...
The effective design of instruments that rely on the interaction of radiation with matter for their operation is a complex task. Furthermore, the underlying physics processes are intrinsically stochastic in nature and open a vast space of possible choices for the physical characteristics of the instrument. While even large scale detectors such as e.g. at the LHC are built using surrogates for...
The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) was been proposed as a Higgs and high luminosity Z factory in last few years. The detector conceptual design of a updated detector consists of a tracking system, which is a high precision (about 100μm) spatial resolution Time Projection Chamber (TPC) detector as the main track device in very large 3D volume. The tracking system required the high...
Novel technologies emerging from the second quantum revolution enable us to identify, control and manipulate individual quanta with unprecedented precision. One important area is the rapidly evolving new paradigm of quantum computing, which has the potential to revolutionize computing by operating on completely different principles. Expectations are high, as quantum computers have already...
This work introduces a comprehensive framework and discussion on the measurement of scientific understanding in agents, encompassing both humans and machine learning models. The focus is on artificial understanding, particularly investigating the extent to which machines, such as Large Language Models (LLMs), can exhibit scientific understanding. The presentation centers around fundamental...
A large, worldwide community of physicists is working to realize
an exceptional physics program of energy-frontier, electron-positron
collisions with the International Linear Collider (ILC)
and other collider projects (summarized and evaluated in
https://arXiv.org/abs/2208.06030). The International Large Detector (ILD) is one of the proposed detector concepts at the next \ee collider. The...
While simulation plays a crucial role in high energy physics, it also consumes a significant fraction of the available computational resources, with these computing pressures being set to increase drastically for the upcoming high luminosity phase of the LHC and for future colliders. At the same time, the significantly higher granularity present in future detectors increases the physical...
During the upcoming years of the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) program, the CMS Muon spectrometer will face challenging conditions. The existing detectors, which consist of Drift Tubes (DT), Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC), and Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC), as well as recently installed Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) stations, will need to sustain an instantaneous luminosity of...
Deep learning methods are becoming key in the data analysis of particle physics experiments. One clear example is the improvement of neutrino detection using neural networks. Current neutrino experiments are leveraging these techniques, which, in combination, have exhibited to outperform standard tools in several domains, such as identifying neutrino interactions or reconstructing the...
A key focus of the physics program at the LHC is the study of head-on proton-proton collisions. However, an important class of physics can be studied for cases where the protons narrowly miss one another and remain intact. In such cases, the electromagnetic fields surrounding the protons can interact producing high-energy photon-photon collisions. Alternatively, interactions mediated by the...
The ALICE Collaboration proposes a completely new apparatus, ALICE 3, for the LHC Runs 5 and 6 (arXiv:2211.02491). The detector consists of a large pixel-based tracking system covering eight units of pseudorapidity, complemented by multiple systems for particle identification, including silicon time-of-flight layers, a ring-imaging Cherenkov detector, a muon identification system, and an...
The proposed Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) imposes new challenges for the vertex detector in terms of pixel size and material budget. A Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS) prototype, TaichuPix, based on a data-driven structure and a column drain readout architecture, has been implemented to achieve high spatial resolution and fast readout. In December 2022, a beam test system of...
The ALICE collaboration is planning to install the next upgrade of the Inner Tracking System (ITS3) during the LHC Long Shutdown 3 (2026-2028). The aim of this upgrade is to reduce material budget of the three innermost layers from 0.3% of a radiation length $X_0$ to 0.05% $X_0$ per layer, essentially reducing it to the silicon contribution only. In order to achieve this, the layers of the...
The LHCb detector is set to undergo a significant upgrade during the
upcoming long shutdown 4 of the LHC. This upgrade will result in
a nearly tenfold increase in instantaneous luminosity, reaching $1.5
\times 10^{34} c m^{-2} s^{-1}$, with an integrated luminosity expected
to rise from $50 f b^{-1}$ to $300 f b^{-1}$. To effectively handle
the elevated track densities, the downstream...
Signal reduction is the most important radiation damage effect on performance of silicon tracking detectors in ATLAS. Adjusting sensor bias voltage and detection threshold can help in mitigating the effects but it is important to have simulated data that reproduce the evolution of performance with the accumulation of luminosity, hence fluence. ATLAS collaboration developed and implemented an...
The new CMS MIP Timing Detector (MTD) will provide precision timing information for charged particles, with hermetic coverage up to a pseudo-rapidity of |η|=3. This upgrade will mitigate the effects of pile-up expected at the High-Luminosity LHC, while bringing new and unique capabilities to the CMS detector. The endcap regions of CMS will be instrumented with two disks of silicon devices with...
For the High Luminosity era of the LHC, the accelerator will undergo a major upgrade to significantly increase the deliverable luminosity with respect to the current one. To withstand the harsh experimental conditions in terms of pileup and radiation at the HL-LHC and maintain the current excellent performance, substantial upgrades of the experiments are ongoing. In particular, the CMS upgrade...
ATLAS innermost detector layer will undergo a broad range of upgrades for the HL-LHC phase. To be able to cope with the new detector design and a large set of modules to be integrated on the ITk, a demonstrator-based project at SR1 facility in CERN is conducted, to test and integrate a large number of Pixel modules equipped with RD53a electronics.
To mimic the ITk detector, a demonstrator...
Recently, a concept for a Hybrid Asymmetric Linear Higgs Factory (HALHF) has been proposed, where a center-of-mass energy of 250 GeV is reached by colliding a plasma-wakefield accelerated electron beam of 500 GeV with a conventionally accelerated positron beam of about 30 GeV. While clearly facing R&D challenges, this concept bears the potential to be significantly cheaper than any other...
The Forward Calorimeter (FoCal) in ALICE, which is planned to take data in Run 4, covers a pseudorapidity interval of 3.4 < $\eta$ < 5.8 for probing non-linear QCD dynamics in an unexplored kinematic region at the LHC. In its electromagnetic section, layers of high granularity Monolithic Si pixels are alternated to Si pads for sampling the longitudinal development of the electromagnetic...
The upgraded CERN LHC for high luminosity (HL-LHC) will deliver unprecedented instantaneous luminosities to the detectors which, together with an average of up to 200 simultaneous interactions per bunch crossing, requires major upgrades of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL). While a new detector will be installed in the endcap regions, the ECAL barrel's lead tungstate crystals and...
A new era of hadron collisions will start around 2029 with the High-Luminosity LHC which will allow to collect ten times more data than what has been collected during 10 years of operation at LHC. This will be achieved by higher instantaneous luminosity at the price of a higher number of collisions per bunch crossing. In order to withstand the high expected radiation doses and the harsher data...
The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab will search for the charged-lepton flavour violating conversion of negative muons into electrons in the coulomb field of an Al nucleus, planning to reach a single event sensitivity of about 3x10^{−17}, four orders of magnitude beyond the current best limit.
The conversion electron has a clear monoenergetic signature at 104.967 MeV, slightly below the muon...
Progress in high-energy physics has been closely tied to the development of high-performance electromagnetic calorimeters. Recent experiments have demonstrated the possibility to significantly accelerate the electromagnetic shower development inside the scintillating crystals, typically used to build homogeneous calorimeters, when the incident beam is aligned with a crystallographic axis. In...
A Muon Collider is being proposed as a next generation facility. This collider would have unique advantages, since clean events as in electron-positron colliders are possible, and high collisions energy as in hadron colliders could be reached due to negligible beam radiation losses. The beam-induced background, produced by the muon decays in the beams and subsequent interactions, reaches the...
The electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) of the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, due to its excellent energy resolution, is crucial for many physics analyses, ranging from Higgs measurements to new physics searches involving very high mass resonances. A precise calibration of the detector and all its individual channels is essential to achieve the best possible resolution for electron and photon...
The aim of the LHCb Upgrade II is to operate at a luminosity of 1.5 x 10$^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ to collect a data set of 300 fb$^{-1}$. The required substantial modifications of the current LHCb electromagnetic calorimeter due to high radiation doses in the central region and increased particle densities are referred to as PicoCal. A consolidation of the ECAL already during LS3 will reduce...
Calorimetry at the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) faces two enormous challenges, particularly in the forward direction: radiation tolerance and unprecedented in-time event pileup. To meet these challenges, the CMS Collaboration is preparing to replace its current endcap calorimeters for the HL-LHC era with a high-granularity calorimeter (HGCAL), featuring a previously unrealized transverse and...
The MUonE experiment proposes a novel approach to determine the leading hadronic contribution to the muon g-2, from a precise measurement of the differential cross section of the $\mu e$ elastic scattering, achievable by using the CERN SPS muon beam onto atomic electrons of a light target.
The detector layout is modular, consisting of an array of identical tracking stations, each one made of...
The DUNE experiment, currently under construction in the US, has a broad physics program that spans from oscillation physics at the GeV scale to the observation of solar neutrinos in few-MeV events. This program leverages the unprecedented resolution and imaging capability of the liquid argon TPC. LArTPCs are dense, fully-active detectors, that allow for a 3D real-time reconstruction of the...
Quantum entanglement is one of the fundamental correlations between particles that has not yet been confirmed with high-energy photons. Quantum electrodynamics (QED) predicts that annihilation photons produced by the decay of the singlet state of positronium (Ps) atoms are entangled in their polarization [1]. Since these photons have an energy of 511 keV, there is no polarizer to measure the...
In the high luminosity phase of the LHC (HL-LHC) the collider will operate at an instantaneous luminosity of 1.5x10$^{34}$/cm/s. This poses stringent requirements on the capabilities of subdetectors due to the increased particle multiplicity and hit occupancy. The Upgrade II LHCb RICH (Ring-imaging Cherenkov) subsystem, in particular, will require improvements in spatial and time resolution to...
Research in non-perturbative QED in strong-field backgrounds has gained interest in recent years, due to advances in high-intensity laser technologies that make extreme fields accessible in the laboratory. One key signature of strong-field QED is non-linear Compton scattering in collisions between a relativistic electron beam and a high-intensity laser pulse. In the vicinity of strong fields,...
SiPMs are the baseline photodetector technology for the dual-radiator Ring-Imaging Cherenkov (dRICH) detector of the EPIC experiment at the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). SiPMs offer significant advantages being cheap devices, highly efficient and insensitive to the high magnetic field (~ 1.5 T) at the expected location of the sensors in the experiment. However, they are not radiation...
A high-performance muon detector system is crucial to realise physics goals of the CMS experiment at the LHC. The CMS muon spectrometer, consisting of different detector technologies across different pseudorapidity (η) regions, demonstrated efficient tracking and triggering of muons during Run1 and Run2 of the LHC operations. The legacy CMS muon detector system, consists of drift tube (DT)...
Given the High Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), which is expected to deliver an instantaneous luminosity 5 times higher with respect to the present value, the muon spectrometer of the CMS experiment will undergo specific upgrades targeting both the electronics and detectors to cope with the new challenging data-taking conditions and to improve the present tracking and...
Particle detectors made of plastic scintillator with three dimensional granularity and sub-ns time resolution are capable of simultaneous particle tracking and calorimetry. However, large-scale detectors with fine granularity require great efforts on the manufacturing and assembly processing, which can be prohibitive, time consuming, expensive and hard to control with the desired precision....
Plastic scintillators are widely used in particle physics experiments. Additive manufacturing techniques allow the production of parts with free shapes and, depending on the application, direct integration with other detector components. This opens up new possibilities for the development of, for example, trigger and veto systems or 3D-segmented detectors like high-granularity calorimeters...
The LUXE experiment aims at studying high-field QED in electron-laser and photon-laser interactions, with the 16.5 GeV electron beam of the European XFEL and a laser beam with power of up to 350 TW. The experiment will measure the spectra of electrons, positrons and photons in expected ranges of $10^{−3}$ to $10^9$ per 1 Hz bunch crossing, depending on the laser power and focus. These...
The international Electron Proton Ion Collider (ePIC) experiment collaboration has formed to design and construct the first detector to be ready at the beginning of operation of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), a new collider to be built at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. This new facility aims to understand the properties of nuclear matter and its emergence from the underlying partonic...
The Large Hadron-electron Collider and the Future Circular Collider in electron-hadron mode [1] will make possible the study of DIS in the TeV regime providing electron-proton (nucleus) collisions with per nucleon instantaneous luminosities around $10^{34}$($10^{33}$) cm$^{−2}$s$^{−1}$ by colliding a 50-60 GeV electron beam from energy-recovery linac with the LHC/FCC hadron beams concurrently...
The Scintillating Fibre (SciFi) is a new tracker detector after magnet at LHCb, which was installed in last year and bas been being under commissioning using LHC 2022 and 2023 early collision data. This detector was built from scintillating fibres with a diameter of 250 um. Scintillation light from fibres is recorded with arrays of state-of-the-art multi-channel silicon photomultipliers...
The CMS experiment at CERN uses a two-stage trigger system to filter and store events of physics importance: a hardware-based Level 1 (L1) trigger that uses fast electronics (based on FPGA's and ASIC's) to process data in a pipeline fashion at 40 MHz with an output rate of around 100 kHz and a software-based High-Level Trigger (HLT) run on computer farms with an average output rate of around...
High intensity beams provide a significant challenge to DAQ systems, in particular when reading out many sensors. The MUonE experiment has been conducting beam tests using the M2 muon beam at CERN, with in-spill intensity of $5 \times 10^7$ muons/s, using silicon strip sensors with a bandwidth of 5 Gb/s per module. A pilot run is scheduled for late summer, which will incorporate several such...
The High-Luminosity LHC will open an unprecedented window on the weak-scale nature of the universe, providing high-precision measurements of the standard model as well as searches for new physics beyond the standard model. Such precision measurements and searches require information-rich datasets with a statistical power that matches the high-luminosity provided by the Phase-2 upgrade of the...
LUXE (Laser Und XFEL Experiment) is a new experiment in planning in Hamburg, which will study Quantum Electrodynamics at the strong-field frontier. LUXE intends to measure the positron production rate in this unprecedented regime by using, among others, a silicon tracking detector. The large number of expected positrons traversing the sensitive detector layers results in an extremely...
The Quantum Angle Generator (QAG) is a new quantum machine learning model designed to produce precise images on current Noise Intermediate Scale (NISQ) Quantum devices. The QAG model uses variational quantum circuits as its core, and multiple circuit architectures are evaluated. With the addition of the MERA-up sampling architecture, the QAG model achieves exceptional results that are analyzed...
During the second Long Shutdown (LS2) of the LHC, three new detectors were installed in ALICE, implementing continuous data readout with online reconstruction and data compression to benefit from the increased luminosity of the LHC beam during Run 3 and 4. The interaction rate in ALICE has been gradually increasing; the goal is to reach 50 kHz for Pb-Pb and up to 1 MHz for pp collisions. One...
The tracking performance of the ATLAS detector relies critically on its 4-layer Pixel Detector. As the closest detector component to the interaction point, this detector is subjected to a significant amount of radiation over its lifetime. At the start of the LHC proton-proton collision RUN3 in 2022, the innermost layer IBL, consisting of planar and 3D pixel sensors, had received an integrated...
Particle track reconstruction plays a crucial role in the exploration of new physical phenomena, particularly when rare signal tracks are obscured by a significant background. In muon colliders where beam muons interacting with the detector produce secondary and tertiary background particles, track reconstruction can be computationally intensive due to the large number of detector hits. The...
The contribution will focus on the state of the art of our development, started in 2015, of resistive Micromegas detectors for applications as tracking device in high rate environment.
After having explored different solutions and tested several options, our technology is now mature enough to offer efficient operation up to particle fluxes of 10 MHz/cm^2, maintaining the amplification in gas...
