Conveners
T01: Astroparticle and Gravitational Waves: Part 1
- Oliver Gerberding (UNI/EXP (Uni Hamburg, Institut fur Experimentalphysik))
T01: Astroparticle and Gravitational Waves: Part 2 (GW Theory)
- Diego Blas (KCL)
T01: Astroparticle and Gravitational Waves: Part 3
- There are no conveners in this block
T01: Astroparticle and Gravitational Waves: Part 4
- There are no conveners in this block
T01: Astroparticle and Gravitational Waves: Part 5 (GW Theory)
- Diego Blas (KCL)
T01: Astroparticle and Gravitational Waves: Part 6
- Walter Del Pozzo (University of Pisa)
T01: Astroparticle and Gravitational Waves: Part 7
- There are no conveners in this block
T01: Astroparticle and Gravitational Waves: Part 8
- Walter Del Pozzo (University of Pisa)
The target sensitivity of Advanced Virgo for O4 is about 90-120 Mpc for the BNS range. To achieve this, several hardware upgrades are under process. One of the most relevant concerns installation of the Signal Recycling Mirror, which forms an additional marginally stable cavity along with the power recycling cavity already present in Advanced Virgo. Therefore, to compensate for these (cold)...
The Observation Run 3 (O3) is the longest data-taking period to-date for the LIGO-Virgo global network of ground-based interferometric gravitational-wave (GW) detectors. The GWTC catalog of transient GW events has already been updated for the first six months of the run (O3a: 2019/04/01 -> 2019/19/01) while the analysis of the last five months (O3b: 2019/11/01 -> 2020/03/27, after a one-month...
The Einstein Telescope (ET) is a planned third-generation gravitational wave observatory in Europe. The ET observatory is composed of three detectors that together form an equilateral triangle. Each detector consists of two interferometers, one optimised for low frequencies from 3 Hz to 30 Hz and another optimised for high frequencies from 30 Hz to 10 kHz. In order to reach its ambitious...
Gravitational waves excite quadrupolar vibrations of elastic bodies. Monitoring these vibrations was one of the first concepts proposed for the detection of gravitational waves by Joseph Weber. At laboratory scale, these experiments became known as resonant-bar detectors, which form an important part of the history of GW detection. Due to the dimensions of these bars, the targeted signal...
First experimental upper limits for stochastic ultra-high-frequency gravitational waves are obtained using data from existing facilities that have been constructed and operated to detect WISPs (Weakly Interacting Slim Particles). Using the graviton to photon conversion in the presence of their magnetic field, we exclude gravitational waves in the frequency bands from $\left(2.7 -...
We report results from a search for ultralight dark photon dark matter using data from the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Virgo. This type of dark matter could directly couple to the interferometers and cause a time-dependent quasi-sinusoidal force on the mirrors proportional to the total proton plus neutron number, or just neutron number. We describe two methods to search for this...
The LISA telescope will provide the first opportunity to probe the scenario of a first-order phase transition happening close to the electroweak scale. In thermal transitions, the main contribution to the GW spectrum comes from the sound waves propagating through the plasma. Current estimates of the GW spectrum are based on numerical simulations of a scalar field interacting with the plasma or...
I will discuss a new formulation of the Einstein equations and scalar tensor theories of gravity--the modified generalized harmonic (MGH) formulation--that allows for the stable, well-posed evolution of black holes in a wide variety of scalar-tensor theories. I will discuss recent progress in numerically modeling binary black hole evolution, and scalar+gravitational wave emission, in the...
The passage of gravitational waves (GWs) through a binary perturbs the trajectories of the two bodies, potentially causing observable changes to their orbital parameters. In the presence of a stochastic GW background (SGWB) these changes accumulate over time, causing the binary orbit to execute a random walk through parameter space. In this talk I will present a powerful new formalism for...
Black holes of astrophysical and primordial origin can compress their dark matter environments to extreme densities as they form and grow. This "dark dress" inevitably affects the dynamical evolution of binaries, and imprints a characteristic dephasing onto their gravitational waveforms that could be probed with upcoming interferometers. In this work, we study the prospects for detecting and...
There is a guaranteed background of stochastic gravitational waves produced in the thermal plasma in the early universe. Its energy density per logarithmic frequency interval scales with the maximum temperature Tmax which the primordial plasma attained at the beginning of the standard hot big bang era. It peaks in the microwave range, at around 80 GHz [106.75/gs(Tmax)]^(1/3), where gs(Tmax)...
Gravitational-wave (GW) detections are rapidly increasing in number, enabling precise statistical analyses of the population of compact binaries. In this talk I will show how these population analyses cannot only serve to constrain the astrophysical formation channels, but also to learn about cosmology. The three key observables are the number of events as a function of luminosity distance,...
The Southern Wide Field Gamma-ray Observatory (SWGO) is an international R&D project aiming to design and prototype a wide field-of-view gamma-ray facility to monitor the Southern Hemisphere sky in gamma-rays.
SWGO will be placed at a high altitude (above 4.4 km) in South America and aims to provide a good sensitivity for observations from the low energies (~100 GeV) up to the PeV region....
The Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO) has recently detected significant correlations between the arrival directions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and positions in the sky of local star-forming galaxies. We interpret these results in terms of the local density of sources and the magnetic fields governing the UHECR propagation [1]. We determine the level of UHECR deflections for an...
Supermassive black hole (SMBH) coalescences are ubiquitous in the history of the Universe and often exhibit strong accretion activities and powerful jets. These SMBH mergers are also promising candidates for future gravitational wave detectors such as Laser Space Inteferometric Antenna (LISA). In this work, we investigate the neutrino and electromagnetic counterpart emissions originating from...
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are transient events releasing a large amount of energy in a short amount of time as electromagnetic radiation. In the past decades, both observational and theoretical efforts were made to understand their inner workings, both in the prompt and afterglow phase. The origin of the GeV emission detected by Fermi-LAT in several GRBs is one of the aspects of GRB physics...
γ-ray bursts (GRBs) are transient cataclysmic events, whose role became central in the new multi-messenger era. In the present work I propose a novel investigation of the GRB emission mechanism, via time-resolved spectral analysis of the X-ray tails of bright GRB pulses observed with the XRT instrument onboard the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, discovering a unique relation between the...
The Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) was launched on the International Space Station in 2015 and since then has collected a large sample of cosmic-ray charged particles over a wide energy. Thanks to a couple of layers of segmented plastic scintillators placed on top of the detector, the instrument is able to identify the charge of individual elements from proton to iron (and...
I will give an overview of the relevant physics and the challenges of Galactic cosmic-ray transport. In particular, I will address recent developments in numerical modelling and physical developments on this field. Corresponding numerical models aim at reproducing cosmic-ray spectra and also diffuse gamma-ray emission from the Galaxy from high to very-high energies. For these numerical models...
The propagation of extragalactic cosmic rays (EGCRs) in the Galactic magnetic field (GMF) plays a crucial role in understanding the CR signal measured at Earth. Particularly in understanding the transition region from Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) to EGCRs ($ \approx 10^{15.5} \, {\rm eV} – 10^{18.5} \, {\rm eV}$), the GMF is expected to exhibit a range of effects on CRs as this energy range...
Extragalactic sources are thought to be the origin of the highest energy cosmic rays detected at Earth. In this work, we explore energy-dependent mass compositions of these sources taking a subset of the VCV catalog for distances shorter than z=0.6. We use a power-law spectrum with an exponential cutoff to model individual sources above 10$^{18}$ eV. To be more realistic we use the individual...
The propagtion of cosmic rays can be described by diffusive motion in most galactic enviroments. Therfore, a detailed knowlege of the diffusion tensor is necessary. Recent analyses of the energy dependence of the diffusion tensor show a function of the turbulence level $b/B$, i.e. $\kappa_i \propto E^{\gamma_i}$ with $\gamma_i = \gamma_i(b/B)$, where $i\in \{\parallel, \perp\}$. (Reichherzer...
The KM3NeT international collaboration has started to build two underwater neutrino telescopes, located in two deep sites of the Mediterranean Sea. ARCA (Astroparticle Research with Cosmics in the Abyss) in its final configuration will instrument 1 Gton of seawater, using more than 100,000 PMTs with a 3” diameter. ARCA is optimised to detect cosmic neutrinos within an energy range of 1 TeV –...
Ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) have total infrared luminosities that exceed $10^{12}$ solar luminosities, making them the most luminous objects in the infrared sky. They are mainly powered by starbursts with star-formation rates exceeding 100 solar masses per year, with a possible secondary contribution from an active galactic nucleus (AGN). Both starburst regions and AGN are...
Installed at about 2500 m under the Mediterranean Sea, in front of the southern French coast, the ANTARES detector is the first undersea neutrino telescope and has been collecting data since 13 years in its final configuration. Its main scientific goal is the search for astrophysical high energy neutrinos, either coming from resolved sources, or as a diffuse excess of very high energy events,...
We present results on the encounter of two black holes that are initially on a hyperbolic-like orbit simulated with the numerical relativity code SpEC.
The two black holes either become bound due to the emission of gravitational waves or they escape to infinity. We present trajectories and waveforms for both cases and extract the scattering angle for the latter.
Models of Lorentz-violating gravity can provide a solution to the puzzle of quantum gravity. By abandoning boost invariance, we can formulate theories which are renormalizable and even asymptotically free in certain cases. At low energies, certain amount of Lorentz violation persists and can percolate onto physical observables, such as the emission rate of gravitational waves from a bounded...
The gravitational-wave ringdown from black holes gives us direct access to the nature of space-time around them. Thus ringdown signals have the potential to shed some light on the quantum nature of black hole space-times. We present an observational investigation of the hypothesis that the black hole area is quantised in multiples of the Planck area. This hypothesis relies on a...
In September 2020, Advanced LIGO-Virgo reported a short gravitational-wave signal (GW190521) interpreted as a quasi-circular merger of black holes, one at least populating the pair-instability supernova gap. In this talk I will show that GW190521 is consistent with numerically simulated signals from head-on collisions of two (equal mass and spin) horizonless vector boson stars (aka Proca...
Information about the mass spectrum of compact stars can be used to infer cosmological parameters from gravitational waves (GW) in the absence of redshift measurements obtained from electromagnetic (EM) observations. This method will be fundamental in measuring and testing cosmology with GWs for current and future ground-based GW detectors where the majority part of sources are detected...
The detection of gravitational waves from extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) with upcoming space-borne detectors will allow for unprecedented tests of general relativity in the strong-field regime. Aside from assessing whether black holes are unequivocally described by the Kerr metric, they may place constraints on the degree of spacetime symmetry. Depending on exactly how a hypothetical...
Third Observation (O3) run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo started in April 2019 and ended in March 2020; reaching sensitivities significantly better than those in the previous observing run. During this period, 56 gravitational-wave candidates were publicly released within hours of detection.
This talk will overview the published science results achieved during the O3 run, focusing on...
Core-collapse supernovae are fascinating astrophysical objects for multimessenger studies. Gravitational waves (GWs) are expected to play a role in the supernova explosion mechanism, but their modelling is also challenging due to the stochastic nature of the dynamics and the vast possible progenitors, and moreover, the GW detection from these objects is still elusive with the already advanced...
With the detection of binary black hole (BH) mergers from LIGO/Virgo we have opened up the field of gravitational wave astronomy and created a new window into the Universe. These discoveries bring new and independent information about how very massive stars end their life, and the final remnants they leave behind. In this talk I will discuss the stellar physics that goes into the formation of...
The progress in the construction and operation of the Baikal Gigaton Volume Detector in Lake Baikal is reported. The detector is designed for search for high energy neutrinos whose sources are not yet reliably identified. It currently includes over 2300 optical modules arranged on 64 strings, providing an effective volume of 0.4 km3 for cascades with energy above 100 TeV. We review the...
High-energy astrophysical neutrinos, discovered by IceCube, are now regularly observed.
Due to their low flux the observation rate remains small, such that open questions about high-energy neutrino astrophysics and particle physics remain limited by statistics at best, or unanswered at worst. Fortunately, this situation will improve in the next years: new neutrino telescopes will come online,...
Since the discovery of high-energy neutrinos by the IceCube South Pole Neutrino Detector in 2013, the origin of their cosmic flux is still under debate. Every piece of the puzzle that helps to understand their acceleration sites is of great interest, because cosmic neutrinos are key messengers to explore the non-thermal universe where it is opaque to the cosmic rays and photons. IceCube...
The LHCf experiment, at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), consists of two small independent calorimeters placed 140 metres away, on opposite sides of the ATLAS interaction point (IP1). LHCf has the capability to measure zero-degree neutral particles, covering the pseudorapidity region above 8.4. By measuring the very-forward particle production rates at the highest energy possible at an...
In the near future all the space agencies are working to restart the human exploration of the space outside the Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Manned space missions in this and the next decade will see the presence of humans on the Moon and Mars surface. One of the main showstopper to be investigated for a safe exploration and colonization is the ionizing radiation biological effects that can...
DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) satellite mission is successfully operating and delivering data for more than 5 years since its launch in December 2015. The instrument is a thick calorimeter type detector, targeted at measuring gamma rays and cosmic-ray electrons up to about 10 TeV with excellent energy resolution and cosmic ray ions up to 100 TeV. Precise measurements of electron,...
Detections of black hole mergers from the LIGO-Virgo interferometers provide an unprecedented opportunity to glance into unexplored regimes of gravity, where spacetime curvature is several orders of magnitudes larger than the one probed by other experiments. First, the state of the art of black holes ringdown spectral observations will be reviewed. Next, we will show how requiring stringent,...
We show that the relaxion coupled to a dark photon can generate a stochastic gravitational wave background in the early Universe. When the electroweak symmetry is restored after reheating, the relaxion starts rolling again until the back-reaction potential wiggles reappear. Depending on the time of barrier-reappearance, Hubble friction alone is insufficient to trap the relaxion in a large...
The current Gravitational Wave (GW) surveys of Binary Black Hole (BBH) mergers provide unprecedented probes of the dynamics in extreme gravitational fields and relativistic velocities. It has been proposed that these Compact Objects may have exotic characteristics making them be different from simpler Black Holes (BHs): they would produce repeated GW pulses of widely uncertain morphology...
Multi-messenger astronomy is a vast and expanding field as electromagnetic (EM) observations are no longer the only way of exploring the Universe. This field had its dawn when new astronomical messengers of non-electromagnetic origin were observed: solar flare, neutrinos, and most recently the detection of gravitational waves (GWs) in 2015. Due to these new messengers, astrophysical triggers...
The Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors are now observing large numbers of gravitational-wave signals from compact binary coalescences, with 50 entries in the latest transient catalogue GWTC-2. With this rapidly growing event rate, our chances become better to detect rare astrophysical effects on these novel cosmic messengers. One such rare effect with a long and productive history in...
We place constraints on the normalised energy density in gravitational waves from first-order strong phase transitions and then from the formation of primordial black holes using data from Advanced LIGO and Virgo's first, second and third observing runs. First, adopting a broken power law model, we place 95 % confidence level upper limits simultaneously on the gravitational-wave energy density...
The nanohertz gravitational wave background (GWB) is believed to be dominated by emission from supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs). This population's properties have commonly been investigated using major galaxy mergers as a proxy for SMBHB formation. However, the observation of several dual active galactic nuclei (AGN) strongly suggests a link between AGN and SMBHBs, given that these...
It was recently pointed out that very energetic subclasses of supernovae (SNe), like hypernovae and superluminous SNe, might host ultra-strong magnetic fields in their core. Such fields may catalyze the production of feebly interacting particles, changing the predicted emission rates. Here we consider the case of axion-like particles (ALPs) and show that the predicted large scale magnetic...
GRB 170817A was markedly dissimilar to any other detected short gamma-ray burst as it was observed off-axis. This was further made evident by the information gained from the accompanying observation of GW170817. The event has since sparked discussion into the short gamma-ray burst beam profile and how it can link the observed luminosity of GRB 170817A with the rest of the observed on-axis...
The local nonequilibrium neutrino distribution function in a core-collapse
supernova is considered and two variants of its analytical approximation are
suggested. The proposed analytical approximations are verified using the results
of a one-dimensional simulation of neutrino propagation, performed self-
consistently with hydrodynamics in Prometheus-Vertex code. It was shown that
the...
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a cubic kilometer scale detector deployed in the antarctic ice,
capable of detecting neutrinos of energies ranging from aprox 10 GeV to PeV and above. In addition to being a powerful neutrino observatory, IceCube is extensively involved in cosmic ray physics. The surface array of IceCube, IceTop, consisting of frozen water tanks equipped with...
It is now more than a decade since an excess emission in GeV gamma rays in the Galactic centre region has been detected after accounting for well known astrophysical backgrounds from cosmic rays interacting with the interstellar medium. While there was a plethora of attempts over time to unravel the nature of this Galactic Center Excess (GCE), they largely converged to contrast two particular...
Axion-like particles (ALPs) play an important role for inflationary model building, as well as are well motivated dark matter candidates. The out-of-equilibrium initial conditions, combined with their possibly nontrivial potentials, allow for a rich nonlinear dynamics of such fields in the early universe.
We consider the coherent oscillations of an ALP field in a wiggly potential and...
The joint detection of the gravitational wave GW170817, of the short γ-ray burst GRB170817A and of the kilonova AT2017gfo, generated by the the binary neutron star merger observed on August 17, 2017, is a milestone in multimessenger astronomy and provides new constraints on the neutron star equation of state. Employing a novel specialized pipeline, we perform Bayesian inference on GW170817 and...
Black Holes of primordial origin (PBHs) can constitute a large fraction of dark matter (DM) in the Universe. If light enough, they can emit a sizeable amount of Hawking radiation, which may be detected by dark matter experiments and be used to set constraints on the fraction of PBHs as DM components. Lately, these constraints have been extended to spinning PBHs, and it is very important to...
The China’s Space Station, currently under construction, will host the next-generation detector for direct measurements of cosmic rays: HERD. The core of HERD is a thick (3 nuclear interaction lengths and 55 radiation lengths) 3D calorimeter made of about 7500 LYSO cubes. On the top and the four sensitive sides, from outside to the calorimeter, there are a silicon charge detector, a plastic...
The non-relativistic effective theory of WIMP-nucleon interactions depends on 28 coupling strengths. Due to the vast parameter space of the effective theory, most direct detection experiments interpret the results of their searches assuming that only one of the coupling strengths is non-zero. On the other hand, dark matter models generically lead in the non-relativistic limit to several...
The femtoscopic studies performed by the ALICE Collaboration in pp and p–Pb collisions provide results with unprecedented precision for the short-range strong interactions between several hadron pairs containing nucleons, kaons or hyperons. Three-particle femtoscopy goes one step further and aims to provide the first direct measurement of genuine three-body forces at short distances. The cases...
Feebly Interacting Massive Particles (FIMPs) are dark matter candidates that never thermalize in the early universe and whose production takes place via decays and/or scatterings of thermal bath particles. If FIMPs interactions with the thermal bath are renormalizable, a scenario which is known as freeze-in, production is most efficient at temperatures around the mass of the bath particles and...
Neutrinos play a significant and sometimes even dominant role in all phases of the supernova explosion. The dominant neutrino processes in a core-collapse supernova are beta-processes, which are responsible for the energy exchange between neutrinos and the matter and change a chemical composition of a matter. We investigate an influence of a magnetic field on beta-processes under conditions of...
The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is a space experiment installed aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The instrument has been accumulating data since October 2015, searching for nearby cosmic-ray sources and dark matter signatures with accurate measurements of the cosmic electron+positron spectrum up to the TeV region. The CALET main detector consists of a charge detector,...
The past decades have witnessed the deployment of a new generation of cosmic ray (CR) observatories with unprecedented sensitivity and complexity, pushing towards ever-higher energies. To face the challenges of the multi-TeV domain, such instruments must be accompanied by equally powerful analysis techniques, able to exploit as much information as available. For example, the machine learning...
The non-diagonal correlators of tensor fermionic current with scalar, pseudoscalar, vector and axial-vector ones are considered as examples of the two-point one-loop amplitudes modified by a constant homogeneous magnetic field. The crossed-field limit of this correlators are found. The tensor current is a fermionic part of the Pauli Lagrangian relevant for the electromagnetic interaction of...
High-energy astrophysical neutrinos, discovered by IceCube, are now regularly observed.
Due to their low flux the observation rate remains small, such that open questions about high-energy neutrino astrophysics and particle physics remain limited by statistics at best, or unanswered at worst. Fortunately, this situation will improve in the next years: new neutrino telescopes will come online,...
Strong bounds from direct detection experiment put stringent limit on the dark matter mass which forces us to go beyond WIMP model of dark matter. In recent years the light mass dark matter particles gain lots of attention among the particle physicists. In this talk I will discuss about light gauge bosons motivated from U(1) extension of standard model and axions which can be a possible dark...
In 2034, within the rapidly changing landscape of gravitational-wave astronomy, the Laser interferometer Space Antenna will be the first space-based detector that will observe the gravitational spectra in the millihertz frequency band. It has recently been proposed that numerous LIGO/VIRGO sources will also be detectable by LISA. LISA will be able to detect binary black holes from our Milky...
Cosmic-ray particles have longly been studied as a potential source of noise for interferometric Gravitational Wave detectors. These particles, mostly muons at sea level, can interact with the detector mirrors releasing charges or inducing thermal effects, which, at the detector output, could be observed as transient excesses of noise, namely glitches. For the Advanced Virgo detector, the rate...
We investigate the potential of core-collapse supernovae (SNe) to constrain axion-like particles (ALPs) coupled to nucleons and electrons. ALPs coupled to nucleons can be efficiently produced in the SN core via nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung and, for a wide range of parameters, leave the SN producing a large ALP flux. For ALP masses exceeding 1 MeV, these ALPs would decay into...
The calculation of the solar axion flux has recently generated much attention due to the upcoming helioscope IAXO, studies of plasmon processes, and in context of the Xenon1T anomaly. It has been realised that axions can be powerful tools for studying solar metal abundances and magnetic fields.
However, the feasibility of such studies depends on our ability to accurately predict the solar...
Detector characterization and data quality studies (referred collectively as “DetChar” in the following) are key inputs to improve the sensitivity of a ground-based interferometric gravitational-wave (GW) detector like Virgo, to optimize the performance of the instrument during data taking periods and to vet GW candidate signals identified in low-latency or offline. DetChar is involved in the...
