The first four women to obtain a PhD in physics at Leiden University all graduated with Nobel laureate Hendrik Lorentz. Hendrika Johanna (Jo) van Leeuwen (1887−1974) was one of them. Her thesis elucidates that magnetism is exclusively a quantum phenomenon – a result that was independently also obtained by Niels Bohr and that is now commonly known as the Bohr–van Leeuwen theorem. From 1920...
Quantum technologies are key emerging technologies with promising potential. Quantum computers will expand and complement existing classical and powerful supercomputers and fundamentally transform industries that rely on large-scale computations. For example, quantum computing offers new possibilities for solving problems that cannot be addressed using classical methods, such as simulating...
