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RF technology for fundamental physics

Europe/Berlin
Geb. 600, ChyN, 3rd Floor, Room 301/303 (DESY, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg)

Geb. 600, ChyN, 3rd Floor, Room 301/303

DESY, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg

11-14.08.2025 Room 301 15.08.2025 Room 303
Akira Miyazaki (CNRS/IN2P3/IJCLab Université Paris-Saclay), Marc Wenskat (UHH / DESY)
Description

MicroWaves (MW) and Radio Frequency (RF) Technology were the breakthrough of modern particle physics in the 20th century, by realising particle accelerators for direct discovery of new physics (quarks, leptons, vector bosons and the Higgs boson) and RF spectroscopy for precision tests of Quantum ElectroDynamics (QED; Lamb shift, g-2, etc). Until very recently, the MW/RF community has been somewhat decoupled from the other domains of particle physics due to its distinct technical requirement and infrastructure to pursue MW/RF experiments. However, emergence of the research fields in physics beyond the colliders has opened new opportunities in MW/RF technology for fundamental physics, such as Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), Gravitational Waves (GW), and in particular, dark matter axion and dark photon physics. This school aims to provide basic knowledge and skills for the students and early-career researchers to be able to follow the language spoken in this new research field based on MW/RF engineering.

The school will cover practical aspects of solving Maxwell equations beyond what students in physics department typically learn in the bachelor education, including non-plain wave solutions, resonant cavities, numerical methods, calibration methods, mean to measure electromagnetic fields, engineering devices and convention to express MW/RF as complex fields. We will particularly focus on the applications of MW/RF technology for the fundamental physics, such as axion experiments and brief introduction to particle accelerators. The student will follow lectures, theoretical exercises, hands-on experiments, and playing with commercial codes typically used in the MW/RF community.

 

Logo of Universität HamburgQuantum Universe wordmarkDESY logo

Registration
Participants
Participants
  • Akira Miyazaki
  • Alan Aliyali
  • Axel Perez Ruiz
  • Can Dokuyucu
  • Carlos Redondo Herrero
  • David Leppla-Weber
  • Dominik Bergermann
  • Elisa Martins
  • Giovanni Marconato
  • harsh aggarwal
  • Juan Pablo Arcila Maldonado
  • Lea Stankewitz
  • Max Zimmermann
  • Rakshith Venugopal
  • Tom Krokotsch
  • UDAI SINGH
    • 09:00 09:30
      Introduction 30m Geb. 600 "CHyN", Floor 3, Room 301 (DESY)

      Geb. 600 "CHyN", Floor 3, Room 301

      DESY

      • New research field in the post-LHC era: particle physics with microwaves
      • How can a researcher with particle physics background learn microwaves? Physics vs Engineering
      • Narrative of Akira Miyazaki "from quantum electrodynamics to superconducting radiofrequency"
      Speaker: Dr Akira Miyazaki (CNRS/IN2P3/IJCLab Université Paris-Saclay)
    • 09:30 11:00
      Part 1: RF in free space (lecture) 1h 30m Geb. 600, ChyN, 3rd Floor, Room 301/303

      Geb. 600, ChyN, 3rd Floor, Room 301/303

      DESY, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg

      11-14.08.2025 Room 301 15.08.2025 Room 303
      • Maxwell equations and Helmholtz equation (30mins)
        -- Plane wave solution
        -- Gaussian beam
        -- Higher-order Gaussian beam
      • Gaussian beam optics (30 mins)
        -- Gaussian lens formula
        -- Lens and mirrors
      • Integral form: diffraction of waves (30 mins)
        -- Airy disk diffraction
        -- Fourier transform
      Speaker: Dr Akira Miyazaki (CNRS/IN2P3/IJCLab Université Paris-Saclay)
    • 11:00 12:00
      Part 1: RF in free space (exercise) 1h Geb. 600, ChyN, 3rd Floor, Room 301/303

      Geb. 600, ChyN, 3rd Floor, Room 301/303

      DESY, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg

      11-14.08.2025 Room 301 15.08.2025 Room 303

      Gaussian optics with two lenses: practical example from 200 GHz system in Akira's PhD thesis 2014

    • 14:00 16:00
      Part 2: RF in confined space (lecture) 2h Geb. 600, ChyN, 3rd Floor, Room 301/303

      Geb. 600, ChyN, 3rd Floor, Room 301/303

      DESY, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg

      11-14.08.2025 Room 301 15.08.2025 Room 303
      • Material and boundary conditions (40 mins)
        -- Normal conductor
        -- Superconductor
        -- Dielectric material
      • Waveguide and coaxial lines (30 mins)
        -- Rectangular and cylindrical waveguide
        -- Cut-off frequency
        -- Coaxial lines
      • Resonators (50 mins)
        -- General resonator
        -- RF cavity
        -- Fabry-Pérot resonator
      Speaker: Dr Akira Miyazaki (CNRS/IN2P3/IJCLab Université Paris-Saclay)
    • 16:00 17:00
      Part 2: RF in confined space (exercise) 1h Geb. 600, ChyN, 3rd Floor, Room 301/303

      Geb. 600, ChyN, 3rd Floor, Room 301/303

      DESY, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg

      11-14.08.2025 Room 301 15.08.2025 Room 303

      Coaxial to rectangular transition: example in the textbooks by Posar and Jackson

    • 09:00 10:30
      Part 3: Equivalent circuit (lecture) 1h 30m Geb. 600, ChyN, 3rd Floor, Room 301/303

      Geb. 600, ChyN, 3rd Floor, Room 301/303

      DESY, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg

      11-14.08.2025 Room 301 15.08.2025 Room 303
      • From (E, B) to (V, I) (30 mins)
        -- Physics meaning of the equivalent circuit
        -- Various impedances
      • Transmission line theory (30 mins)
        -- Generalized telegraphist’s equation
        -- Mode conversion in over-sized tapered waveguides
      • Circuit representation of resonators (30 mins)
        -- RLC circuit model
        -- Coupling and impedance matching
      Speaker: Dr Akira Miyazaki (CNRS/IN2P3/IJCLab Université Paris-Saclay)
    • 10:30 11:30
      Part 3: Equivalent circuit (exercise) 1h Geb. 600, ChyN, 3rd Floor, Room 301/303

      Geb. 600, ChyN, 3rd Floor, Room 301/303

      DESY, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg

      11-14.08.2025 Room 301 15.08.2025 Room 303

      Over / critical / under coupling in high-Q cavity: time domain simulation in C++ & GSL & ROOT

    • 14:00 15:30
      Part 4: Basic of RF measurement (lecture) 1h 30m Geb. 600, ChyN, 3rd Floor, Room 301/303

      Geb. 600, ChyN, 3rd Floor, Room 301/303

      DESY, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg

      11-14.08.2025 Room 301 15.08.2025 Room 303
      • Analog and digital circuits (30 mins)
        -- Analog circuit components
        -- Analog down-conversion with superheterodyne
        -- Analog-to-digital conversion
        -- Digital down-conversion with under sampling
      • Our weapons (30 mins)
        -- Vector network analyzer
        -- Fast Fourier Transform
        -- Real-time spectrum analyzer
      • RF noise (30 mins)
        -- Dicke’s radiometer formula
        -- Noise power, Noise temperature and noise figure
        -- Noise equivalent power
      Speaker: Dr Akira Miyazaki (CNRS/IN2P3/IJCLab Université Paris-Saclay)
    • 15:30 17:00
      Part 4: Basic of RF measurement (exercise) 1h 30m Geb. 600, ChyN, 3rd Floor, Room 301/303

      Geb. 600, ChyN, 3rd Floor, Room 301/303

      DESY, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg

      11-14.08.2025 Room 301 15.08.2025 Room 303

      Data processing with Fast Fourier Transform: Time Domain Reflectometry of real data from ESS spoke cavity cryomodule, HL-LHC crab cavity, and MADMAX setup

    • 09:00 12:00
      Hands-on 1: Microwave simulation (group A) 3h First Floor, CIP Pool 1080 (Notkestrasse 9)

      First Floor, CIP Pool 1080

      Notkestrasse 9

      • 2D COMSOL settings
      • Antenna modeling
      • Elipsoidal mirror modelling
      • PEC boundary condition
      • Meshing
      Speaker: Dr Akira Miyazaki (CNRS/IN2P3/IJCLab Université Paris-Saclay)
    • 09:00 12:00
      Hands-on 2: Cavity measurement with VNA (group B) 3h Bldg. 67, Ground Floor, SALOME (DESY)

      Bldg. 67, Ground Floor, SALOME

      DESY

      • OLST calibration of VNA
      • S21 to QL: with dielectric resonator
      • Coupling from S11: dielectric resonator & pill-box cavity
      • Judge coupling: Smith Chart / Qext change / Q0 change
      • Reconstruction of Q0 & Qext
      Speaker: Marc Wenskat (UHH / DESY)
    • 14:00 17:00
      Hands-on 1: Microwave simulation (group B) 3h First Floor, CIP Pool 1080 (Notkestrasse 9)

      First Floor, CIP Pool 1080

      Notkestrasse 9

    • 14:00 17:00
      Hands-on 2: Cavity measurement with VNA (group A) 3h Bldg. 67, Ground Floor, SALOME (DESY)

      Bldg. 67, Ground Floor, SALOME

      DESY

    • 09:00 12:00
      Hands-on 3: Cavity field measurement with beads-pulling method (group A) 3h Bldg. 67, Ground Floor, SALOME

      Bldg. 67, Ground Floor, SALOME

      • Perturbation of resonant cavity
      • Interference of beads and RF response in VNA
      • resonant beads-pulling
      • non-resonant beads-pulling
      Speaker: Marc Wenskat (UHH / DESY)
    • 09:00 12:00
      Hands-on 4: Noise measurement with SA (group B) 3h Bldg. 67, Ground Floor,

      Bldg. 67, Ground Floor,

      • Power Spectral Density
      • Resolution bandwidth
      • Receiver chain: LNA, BP, mixer, attenuator
      • Y-factor method to calibrate noise temperature and total gain with the noise diode
      Speaker: Dr Akira Miyazaki (CNRS/IN2P3/IJCLab Université Paris-Saclay)
    • 14:00 17:00
      Hands-on 3: Cavity field measurement with beads-pulling method (group B) 3h Bldg. 67, Ground Floor, SALOME

      Bldg. 67, Ground Floor, SALOME

    • 14:00 17:00
      Hands-on 4: Noise measurement with SA (group A) 3h Bldg. 67, Ground Floor

      Bldg. 67, Ground Floor

    • 09:00 10:30
      Visit to facilities 1h 30m
      • ALPSII (IR Fabry-Pérot resonators for axions)
      • AMTF (Superconducting RF cavities for particle accelerators)
      Speakers: Dr Akira Miyazaki (CNRS/IN2P3/IJCLab Université Paris-Saclay), Marc Wenskat (UHH / DESY)
    • 10:30 12:00
      Part 5: RF applications for various physics fields 1h 30m Geb. 600, Floor 3, Room 303 (DESY)

      Geb. 600, Floor 3, Room 303

      DESY

      • Axion experiments
      • Gravitational waves
      • Particle Accelerator
      Speakers: Dr Akira Miyazaki (CNRS/IN2P3/IJCLab Université Paris-Saclay), David Leppla-Weber (ALPS (ALPS _ Any Light Particle Search)), Giovanni Marconato (MSL (Supraleitende Beschleuniger Technologie))
    • 12:00 12:15
      Closing session 15m
      Speaker: Dr Akira Miyazaki (CNRS/IN2P3/IJCLab Université Paris-Saclay)