MT ARD ST3 Meeting 2021 in Hamburg

29 Sept 2021, 08:00 → 1 Oct 2021, 18:00 Europe/Berlin

online

Holger Schlarb (DESY), Erik Bruendermann (KIT), Paul Goslawski (Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, HZB), Pavel Evtushenko (HZDR / ELBE), Peter Forck

The 2021 edition of the MT ARD ST3 meeting will be held online.

The Helmholtz Initiative for Accelerator Research & Development (ARD) was established to strengthen development in accelerator physics and technology and to ensure international competitiveness. In this framework, accelerator scientists push the limits of today’s technology in a research network of six Helmholtz centers (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) in Hamburg and Zeuthen, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ), Helmholtz Zentrum for Heavy Ion Research GSI in Darmstadt, Karlsruhe Institute for Technology (KIT), and Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin for Materials and Energy (HZB)), two Helmholtz institutes, eleven universities, two Max-Planck institutes, and the Max-Born institute.

The scope of MT ARD ST3 is “Advanced beam controls, beam diagnostics and beam dynamics” in POF IV. The ninth ARD topical workshop for ST3 will be organized by DESY in Hamburg. The workshop is typically held on 3 consecutive days.

This workshop aims to bring scientists from universities and Helmholtz centers together. It shall also serve to further strengthen collaborative projects at and between the different accelerator facilities. The workshop shall also serve to educate young researchers and students participating in projects and experiments within ARD ST3.

Speakers of ST3: Holger Schlarb, DESY; Erik Bründermann, KIT.
Center Contacts of ST3: Paul Goslawski, HZB; Pavel Evtushenko, HZDR; Peter Forck, GSI.

Wednesday 29 September

12:30 Organization

Welcome

1 Welcome

Speaker: Wim Leemans

2021-09-29_ARD-ST3-Workshop_WLeemans_final1.pdf

Session Facility Talks

Convener: Dr Erik Bruendermann

2 Facility status DESY

Speaker: Dr Holger Schlarb

ARD-ST3-DESY-Acc_20210929_final.pdf

3 Facility status HZDR

Speaker: Dr Pavel Evtushenko (HZDR / ELBE)

2021 ARD-ST3-HZDR P.Evtushenko Rev.3.pdf

4 Facility status HZB

Speaker: Thorsten Kamps (HZB)

2021-09-29_TK_HZB_talk_dist.pdf

14:35 Coffee break

Session Facility Talks

Convener: Dr Erik Bruendermann

5 Facility status GSI

Speaker: Udo Weinrich (GSI)

Facility status GSI-FAIR.pdf

6 Facility status KIT

Speaker: Dr Marcel Schuh

2021-09-29_MT-ARD-ST3_KIT-Facility-Status_Schuh.pdf

7 PITZ facility overview and plans

Speaker: Dr Tobias Weilbach (Z_PITZ (Technologie))

PITZoverview_MT_ARD_ST3_2021.pdf

15:55 Coffee break

Tutorials: Introduction to the MicroTCA Systems

Convener: Cagil Guemues (MSK (Strahlkontrollen))

8 Introduction to the MicroTCA Systems

Speaker: Cagil Guemues (MSK (Strahlkontrollen))

introduction_to_mtca.pdf

Thursday 30 September

Session Beam Controls: Talks

Convener: Dr Holger Schlarb

9 Attosecond Field Receiver Technology

Speaker: Dr Frank Ludwig

10 Seeding concept and challenges for FLASH2020+

Speaker: Dr Pardis Niknejadi (MPY (Beschleunigerphysik))

11 Towards autonomous tuning and control of accelerators

Speaker: Chenran Xu (KIT)

2021-09-30-MT-ARD-ST3-Xu_final.pdf

10:15 Coffee Break

Session Beam Controls: Speed talks

Convener: Andrea Santamaria Garcia (KIT)

12 Control of bunch oscillations using Bunch-by-Bunch capable systems at KARA

At the KIT Synchrotron KARA several systems are in place to measure and interact with individual electron bunches. A Bunch-by-Bunch (BBB) feedback system provides capabilities to control individual bunch motion whereas KAPTURE allows to readout multiple synchrotron radiation detector channels on the bunch-by-bunch level. This allows to closely study coherent radiation effects in our short bunch operation mode much more effectively. It also allows to create a feedback channel based on the detector signals processed with machine learning algorithms, in which the BBB feedback system is used to manipulate bunch motion to optimize the radiation characteristics. This contribution will give an overview of how these two systems can interact with each other to achieve this goal.

Speaker: Edmund Blomley (KIT)

2021-09-30_MT_ARD_ST3_Blomley_presentation.pdf

13 Decentralized Control Approach for the Optical Synchronization System at the European XFEL

Like many other subsystems in particle accelerators, the optical synchronization system at the European XFEL implements a joint high-performance control task over individual stations along the spatial extend of the facility. In the case of the optical synchronization system, this ensures a stable timing reference in the region of a few femtoseconds over more than 3.5km distance. Using numerical simulations, we show that the performance can be improved even further by considering all individual control loops in the subsystem as part of a distributed complex system rather than tuning each loop individually. The resulting distributed optimization problem is in general rendered NP-hard because of the information constraints between the spatially separated systems and ways of obtaining a tractable program are discussed prior.

Speaker: Mr Maximilian Schütte (MSK (Strahlkontrollen))

Decentralized Control Approach for the Optical Synchronization System at the European XFEL.pdf

14 Bunch arrival stability at the European XFEL

For pump-probe experiments at free electron lasers, like the European XFEL,
a femtosecond precise bunch arrival time stability is mandatory. The
longitudinal intra bunch-train feedback (L-IBFB) system regulates the
arrival time, measured by a bunch arrival time monitor (BAM), with
femtosecond resolution. Due to the energy dependent path length of the
electron bunches through a magnetic bunch compression chicane, the energy
prior to the chicane is modulated by the superconducting radiofrequency
(SRF) cavities to compensate fast arrival time fluctuations of the bunches
in a train. Measurement results show arrival time stabilities of the
electron bunches below 10 fs (rms), if the longitudinal intra bunch-train
feedback is activated.

Speaker: Bjoern Lautenschlager (MSK (Strahlkontrollen))

Bunch arrival stability at the EuXFEL.pdf

10:45 Q&A

15 Transverse Electron Beam Emittance Measurements at FLUTE

FLUTE (Ferninfrarot Linac- und Test-Experiment) is a compact linac-based test facility for accelerator R&D and source of intense THz radiation for photon science. In preparation for the next experiments, the electron beam of the injector section of FLUTE has been characterized. In systematic studies the electron beam parameters, e.g., beam charge and emittance, are measured with several diagnostic systems. This knowledge allows the establishment of different operation settings and the optimization of electron beam parameters for future experiments. This work is supported by the DFG-funded Doctoral School „Karlsruhe School of Elementary and Astroparticle Physics: Science and Technology (KSETA)“

Speaker: Thiemo Schmelzer (Karlsruhe Intitute of Technology (KIT))

2021-09-30_MT_ARD_ST3_Schmelzer.pdf

16 Multi-alkali antimonides photocathodes for high-brightness RF photoinjectors

Multi-alkali antimonide-based photocathodes are suitable candidates for the electron sources of next-generation high brightness RF photoinjectors due to their excellent photoemissive properties, especially low thermal emittances, and high sensitivity to visible light. The utilization of these photocathodes is so far successfully demonstrated in low field DC gun-based photoinjectors. However, their performance in a high field RF gun is still challenging due to their sensitivity towards vacuum conditions. Based on the previous R&D development, a batch of three KCsSb photocathodes of different thicknesses have been developed in a new production system at INFN LASA. Afterwards, these photocathodes are successfully tested and characterized for the first time in a normal conducting CW system at the photo injector test facility at DESY in Zeuthen (PITZ). This talk reports an overview of cathode preparation recipe with its test results like QE map evolution, thermal emittance, response time, and cathode lifetime.

Speaker: Sandeep Mohanty (DESY Zeuthen)

Multi Alkali Photocathode_ST3.pdf

17 First bunch duration measurement on the ARES linac at DESY

The ARES linac at DESY aims at producing and characterizing ultrashort electron bunches for cutting-edge applications (e.g. advanced and compact longitudinal diagnostics development, advanced and compact accelerating structures test, FLASH radiotherapy, etc.). The targeted properties (100-150 MeV, down to sub-pC charge and sub-fs duration) make the characterization of the bunch duration a challenge on its own. A first measurement of the bunch duration on ARES, based on a traveling wave structure phase scan, was performed in spring 2021. Resolution-limited durations down to 50 fs rms for bunches compressed by velocity bunching were recorded. Two X-band transverse deflecting structures with variable streaking direction (PolariX type) will be commissioned end 2021 or beginning 2022 and will enable fully characterizing the ARES bunches with down to sub-fs resolution.

Speaker: Thomas Vinatier (MPY1 (MPY Fachgruppe 1))

Vinatier_Speed-talk_ARDST3-workshop_01102021.pdf

11:15 Q&A

18 High-fidelity Prediction of Megapixel Longitudinal Phase Space images at the European XFEL Photoinjector

Modeling of large-scale research facilities is extremely challenging due to complex physical pro-
cesses and engineering problems. We adopt a data-driven approach to model the longitudinal
phase-space diagnostic beamline at the photoinector of the European XFEL with an encoder-decoder
neural network model. We demonstrate that the model trained only with experimental data can make
high-fidelity predictions of megapixel images for the longitudinal phase-space measurement without
any prior knowledge of photoinjectors and electron beams. The prediction significantly outperforms
existing methods. We also show the scalability and interpretability of the model and propose a
pragmatic way to model a facility with various diagnostics and working points. This opens the door
to a new way of accurately modeling a photoinjector using neural networks and experimental data.

Speaker: Jun Zhu (MSK (Strahlkontrollen))

(2021ARD-ST3)Deep Learning-Based Autoencoder for Data-Driven Modeling of the European XFEL Photoinjector.pdf

19 Studies on Using Reinforcement Learning Methods for Controlling the Transverse Beam Parameters at the ARES Accelerator

Within the scope of the Helmholtz AI Autonomous Accelerator Project machine learning methods for automating the accelerator operation are investigated. The recurrent task of manipulating the transverse beam parameters in the ARES experimental area poses as a test bed for studying reinforcement learning applications helping to automate complex tasks during accelerator operation. In this talk the current status and preliminary results of these studies will be presented.

Speaker: Oliver Stein (MSK (Strahlkontrollen))

MT ARD ST3 Meeting 2021 Studies on Using Reinforcement Learning Methods for Controlling the Transverse Beam .pdf

20 New SoC-based MicroTCA Hardware Developments

For future installations, new and powerful hardware components are required. In this talk, an 8-channel low-latency RF-digitizer, a distributed motion controller card and a RTM Class D1.3 digital processing board targeting serial JESD204 ADCs will be presented. All these boards are designed on the basis of ARM-based MPSoCs, which allow convenient board bring-up, configuration and maintenance.

Summary:

A low-latency RF-digitizer, a distributed motion controller card and a RTM Class D1.3 AMC board will be presented.

Speaker: Mr Michael Fenner

New_SoC-based_MicroTCA_Hardware_Developments_ARD_ST3_SEP2021.pdf

New_SoC-based_MicroTCA_Hardware_Developments_ARD_ST3_SEP2021.pptx

11:45 Q&A

Tutorials: Tutorial II: Introduction to Machine Learning

Convener: Peter Steinbach (HZDR)

21 Machine Learning for Accelerator Physics and Engineering

Speaker: Peter Steinbach (HZDR)

24-ARD-talk-Steinbach.pdf

13:00 Lunch

Session Beam Dynamics: Talks

Convener: Michael Abo-Bakr (HZB)

22 Longitudinal beam dynamics cSTART

To serve the diverse community at the ARD-ST 3 workshop, this presentation first introduces some key concepts of longitudinal beam dynamics before discussing the longitudinal beam dynamics at cSTART.

The compact STorage ring for Accelerator Research and Technology (cSTART) project aims to store electron bunches of laser-wakefield accelerator-like beams in a very large momentum acceptance storage ring. The project will be realized at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT, Germany). Initially, the Ferninfrarot Linac- Und Test- Experiment (FLUTE), a source of ultra-short bunches, will serve as an injector for cSTART to benchmark and emulate laser-wakefield accelerator-like beams. In a second stage a laser-plasma accelerator will be used as an injector, which is being developed as part of the ATHENA project in collaboration with DESY and Helmholtz Institute Jena (HIJ). With an energy of 50 MeV and damping times of several seconds, the electron beam does not reach equilibrium emittance. Furthermore, the critical frequency of synchrotron radiation is 53 THz and in the same order as the bunch spectrum, which implies that the entire bunch radiates coherently. We perform longitudinal particle tracking simulations to investigate the evolution of the bunch length and spectrum as well as the emitted coherent synchrotron radiation.

Speaker: Markus Schwarz (KIT)

2021-09-29_MT-ARD-ST3_KIT_Schwarz.pdf

23 Photocathode laser pulse shaping results

Speaker: Christian Koschitzki (Z_PITZ (Technologie))

ARD_St3_ELLA2021.pptx

24 Measurement of temporal distribution using accelerating radio frequency cavity in low-emittance injector

Speaker: Ji-Gwang Hwang (HZB)

ARD-ST3_Hwang.pdf

15:15 Coffee Break

Session Beam Dynamics: Speed talks

Convener: Adrian Oeftiger (GSI)

25 Influence of Different Beam Energies on the Micro-bunching Instability

During the operation of an electron synchrotron with short electron bunches the beam dynamics are influenced by the occurrence of the micro-bunching instability. This collective instability is caused by the self-interaction of a short electron bunch with its own emitted coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR). Above a certain threshold bunch current dynamic micro-structures start to occur on the longitudinal phase space density. The resulting dynamics depend on various parameters and were previously investigated in relation to amongst others the momentum compaction factor and the acceleration voltage. In this contribution, the influence of the energy of the electrons on the dynamics of the micro- bunching instability is studied based on measurements at the KIT storage ring KARA (Karlsruhe Research Accelerator).

Speaker: Dr Miriam Brosi (KIT)

2021-09-30_MT_ARD_ST3_Brosi_presentation.pdf

26 Effect of Negative Momentum Compaction Operation on the Current-Dependent Bunch Length

New operation modes are often considered during the development of new synchrotron light sources. An understanding of the effects involved is inevitable for a successful operation of these schemes. At the KIT storage ring KARA (Karlsruhe Research Accelerator), new mode scan be implemented and tested at various energies, employing a variety of performant beam diagnostics devices. Negative momentum compaction optics at various energies have been established. Also,the influence of a negative momentum compaction factor on different effects has been investigated. This contribution comprises a short report on the status of the implementation of a negative momentum compaction optics at KARA. Additionally, first measurements of the changes to the current-dependent bunch length will be presented.

Speaker: Patrick Schreiber (KIT)

2021-09-30_MT_ARD_ST3_Schreiber_Speedtalk.pdf

27 An Efficient Vlasov Solver for Microbunching Simulations

Due to the exotic shape of the longitudinal phase space of electron bunches in
free-electron lasers, it is challenging to efficiently simulate their dynamics
using Vlasov methods. We present SeLaV1D, a semi-lagrangian Vlasov solver which
addresses this challenge by employing tree-based domain decomposition, and its
application to the analysis of the microbunching instability in free-electron
laser injectors.

Speaker: Philipp Amstutz (MFL (FLASH))

mt-ard-st3-2021-speed-talk-amstutz.pdf

15:45 Q&A

28 ARES - status update

Status update of the ARES construction works and results from beam commissioning.

Speaker: Florian Burkart (MPY1 (MPY Fachgruppe 1))

ST3-ARES_FB.pptx

29 Time resolved UED with the SRF Photoinjector in Sealab

Ultrafast Electron Diffraction (UED) is a technique used to observe dynamical changes in the structure of materials. It consists of a pump-probe scheme in which a laser pulse excites the target structure and a subsequent electron bunch scatters in the sample producing a diffraction pattern. The time resolution of MeV UED experiments is mainly governed by the electron bunch length and the time of flight jitter between the laser and electron pulses at the target. Hence, high brilliance and stable electron beams are needed. The SRF Photoinjector test facility in Sealab is a high brilliance and high current electron source being currently commissioned at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB). It offers unique possibilities to perform UED experiments since the original design composed by a L-band SRF electron gun followed by three L-band SRF booster cavities provides several knobs to manipulate the longitudinal phase space and time of flight fluctuations of the electron bunches. In order to accomplish the high brilliance beam, the longitudinal phase space of the bunch is linearized at the target while the time of flight jitter is kept as low as possible. In summary, we discuss the basic requirements for such experiment, the strategy to improve the time resolution and the outlook of the UED project in HZB.

Speaker: Beñat Alberdi Esuain (Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin)

UED_Resolution_FlashTalk.pdf

30 Slice energy spread measurements at PITZ

Slice energy spread is one of the key parameters of beam brightness for free electron laser optimizations, but its measurement is not straightforward. Two recent studies at high energy (>100 MeV) photoinjectors at SwissFEL and European XFEL have measured much higher slice energy spread than simulations, leading to the debate of necessity of laser heaters. In this report, we will show a new method of measuring slice energy spread in the low energy (~20 MeV) photoinjector at PITZ, and the results are much closer to simulations.

Speakers: Mikhail Krasilnikov (Z_PITZ (Betrieb und Forschung)), Mr Houjun Qian

SliceEnergySpreadAtPIZT_MT2021_v4.pdf

16:15 Q&A

31 Intra-train bunch charge leveling at FLASH

Intra-train bunch charge at FLASH shows an RMS of approx. 2 pC at 0.4 nC, with periodic oscillation that originates from within an injection laser cavity. Noticeable adverse effects on the final SASE were reported recently. The implementation of a slow and fast intra-train charge feedback is discussed. The measurement results show sub-pC charge flatness with the feed-back activated.

Speaker: Jiri Kral (MSK (Strahlkontrollen))

itcf_ard.pdf

32 Impedance studies of a corrugated pipe at KARA

At the KIT storage ring KARA (KArlsruhe Research Accelerator) it is
planned to install an impedance manipulation structure in a versatile chamber
to study and eventually control the in
uence of an additional impedance on
the beam dynamics and the emitted coherent synchrotron radiation. For this
purpose the impedance of a corrugated pipe is under investigation. In this contribution,
we present results of simulations showing the impact of different
structure parameters on its impedance.
This work is supported by the DFG project 431704792 in the ANR-DFG
collaboration project ULTRASYNC.
1

Speaker: Sebastian Maier (KIT)

2021-09-30_MT_ARD_ST3_Maier_slides.pdf

33 Reconstruction of the longitudinal phase space for short electron bunches

The Split Ring Resonator is a novel tool for longitudinal beam diagnostics of short bunches. The small metal device is a THz-driven resonator which creates a strong, vertical oscillating electro-magnetic field. This allows a time dependent streaking of an electron bunch with a frequency of around 300 GHz. The device is being installed and tested in FLUTE at KIT. The vertical streaking combined with the dispersive effect of a spectrometer leads to looped screen images. These screen images allow the reconstruction of the longitudinal phase space of the bunch. This talk presents the working principle of the reconstruction of the longitudinal phase space of short bunches based on this diagnostic device, the experimental setup at FLUTE and the current challenges in the application.

Speaker: Jens Schäfer (KIT IBPT)

2021-09-30_MT_ARD_ST3_Schaefer.pdf

16:45 Q&A

Friday 1 October

Tutorials: Tutorial III: Electro-optical Metrology

Convener: Dr Sergey Kovalev (Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf)

Session Beam Diagnostics: Talks

Convener: Dr Pavel Evtushenko (HZDR / ELBE)

34 Longitudinal tomography at HELIAC

At the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, Germany, a prototype cryomodule (Advanced Demonstrator) for the superconducting (SC) continuous wave (CW) Helmholtz Linear Accelerator (HELIAC) is under construction.
A transport line, comprising quadrupole lenses, rebuncher cavities, beam steerers and sufficient beam instrumentation has been built to deliver the beam from the GSI 1.4 MeV/u High Charge Injector (HLI) to the Advanced Demonstrator,
which offers a test environment for SC CW multigap cavities.
In order to achieve proper phase space matching, the beam from the HLI must be characterized in detail.
In a dedicated machine experiment the bunch shape has been been measured with a non destructive bunch shape monitor (BSM).
The BSM offers a sufficient spatial resolution to use it for reconstruction of the energy spread.
Therefore, different bunch projections were obtained by altering the voltage of two rebunchers.
These measurements were combined with dedicated beam dynamics simulations using the particle tracking code Dynamion.
The longitudinal bunch shape and density distribution at the beginning of the matching line could be fully characterized.
Independent measurements of the beam profile at the reconstrution location are available for confirmation of the reconstruction results.

Speaker: Simon Lauber (HIM Mainz, GSI Darmstadt)

MT21_ST_talk_final.pdf

35 Time stretch EO measurements of bunch length at ELBE

The SRF linac-based Radiation Source ELBE operates with picosecond and sub-picosecond bunch length. The accelerator system provides beam in CW mode for two (FIR and MIR) FEL oscillators or for two THz sources comprising a superradiant undulator and coherent diffraction radiation (CDR) source. Performances of these sources depend critically on the bunch length. Single shot bunch length measurements made for every bunch at the repetition rate between 50 and 250 kHz is necessary for complete analysis of the THz sources stability. Electro-optical spectral decoding could fulfill these requirements. One drawback of the spectral decoding is the THz wavelength-dependance of the response function. This wavelength dependance can be very strong and can display zeros within wavelength ranges relevant for measurements. This has dramatic consequences on the temporal resolution, and typically leads to measurements that are strongly deformed versions of the actual THz pulse shapes. For solving this problem, It was suggested recently that THz EO spectral decoding can be upgraded [1] by borrowing a strategy from RF communications and time-stretch, known as the phase-diversity technique [2,3]. In this talk we report about first test of the EO spectral decoding measurements at ELBE which includes the phase-diversity detection scheme. The measurements are performed in single-shot on the THz CDR source. Moreover, the readout was made using the so-called photonic time-stretch technique [4], which allows the THz pulses to be recorded at high repetition rates. The EO system was used to record CDR pulses emitted at 50 KHz repetition rates. However the present measurement system was actually operating at 26 MHz acquisition rate.
[1] Phase Diversity Electro-optic Sampling: A new approach to single-shot terahertz waveform recording, https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.03782 [2] Kahn, L. R. Ratio squarer. Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 42, 1704 (1954) [3] Han, Y., Boyraz, O. & Jalali, B. Ultrawide-Band Photonic Time-Stretch A/D Converter Employing Phase Diversity. IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Techniques 53, 1404 (2005). [4] Observing microscopic structures of a relativistic object using a time-stretch strategy, 5, 10330 (2015)

Speakers: Anton Ryzhov (Helmolz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf), C. Szwaj (Lab. PhLAM, Lille University, France), Ch. Schneider (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf), Christelle Hanoun (Lab. PhLAM, Lille University, France), E. Roussel (Lab. PhLAM, Lille University, France), Dr Michael Kuntzsch, Dr Pavel Evtushenko (HZDR / ELBE), S. Bielawski (Lab. PhLAM, Lille University, France)

ARD_annual_meeting2021_C_HANOUN.pdf

EO time-stretch abstract.pdf

36 Inverse modeling of quadrupole gradients using orbit response measurement

During accelerator operation, quadrupole gradients can be different from the set values for a variety of reasons.
Precise knowledge of quadrupole gradient errors is desirable in order to improve the optics with respect to the model.
The measured orbit matrix response encodes the optics of the lattice and hence can be used for inverse modeling of quadrupole gradients. The thus derived parameter estimates are subject to measurement uncertainty of the
orbit response and hence a detailed study of the uncertainty propagation must be performed in order to build confidence in the thus derived results.
This contribution reports on the studies for the SIS18 synchrotron at GSI and investigates the feasibility of inverse modeling of quadrupole gradients.

Speaker: Dominik Vilsmeier (PhD Student @ Goethe University Frankfurt)

slides.pdf

11:15 Coffee break

Session Beam Diagnostics: Speed talks

Convener: Miriam Brosi

37 Ultra-fast line-camera KALYPSO for fs-laser based electron beam diagnostics

A very common bottleneck to study short electron bunch dynamics in accelerators is a detection scheme that can deal with high repetition rates in the MHz range. The KIT electron storage ring KARA (Karlsruhe Research Accelerator) is the first storage ring with a near-field single-shot electro-optical (EO) bunch profile monitor installed for the measurement of electron bunch dynamics in the longitudinal phase-space. Using electro-optical spectral decoding (EOSD) it is possible to imprint the bunch profile on chirped laser pulses subsequently read out by a spectrometer and a camera. However, commercially available cameras have a drawback in their acquisition rate, which is limited to a few hundred kHz. Hence, we have developed KALYPSO, an ultra-fast line camera capable of operating in the MHz regime. Its modular approach allows the installation of several sensors e.g. Si, InGaAs, PbS, PbSe to cover a wide range of spectral sensitivities. In this contribution, an overview of the EOSD experimental setup and the detector system installed for longitudinal bunch studies will be presented.

Speaker: Gudrun Niehues (KIT)

ARD_ST3_2021_10_01_BeamDiagnostics_Niehues-Patil.pdf

38 Single-Shot analysis of short radiation pulses with fast detectors and an 80 GHz Oscilloscope

Fundamentally, synchrotron radiation contains information about the particle distribution in the bunch. From this, among other things, the charge, length, shape and arrival time of the bunch can be determined. However, bunch lengths in the lower picosecond range were too short for conventional, commercial electronics in the past. In this talk, we will provide a glimpse of our recent experiments and limitations with fast detectors and an 80 GHz real-time oscilloscope.

Speaker: Johannes Steinmann (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), IBPT)

2021-10-01_MT_ARD_ST3_Steinmann.pdf

39 Room Temperature Broadband Terahertz Detectors for Particle Accelerator Beam Characterization and Diagnostic

Ultra-short pulses in the picosecond range, combined with the high repetition rate, high power and high brilliance at accelerator facilities opens a wide range possibilities for both fundamental as well as application-oriented research. Radiation generated at Free Electron Lasers (FELs) and Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR) can be used for atomic and sub-atomic level studies. A frequent technique is the optical pump-THz probe method that is used traditionally for the study of matter and materials. The laser and THz pulses are not naturally phase-locked. Thus, time jitter is an obvious obstacle that must be monitored. It further aggravates the use of electro-optical sampling which is otherwise frequently used for table-top phase-locked pump-probe setups. However, room temperature based Schottky diode and Field Effect Transistor (FETs) broadband Terahertz (THz) direct detectors are well suited for monitoring time jitter. They are fast, highly sensitive, robust and easy to use, less expensive (compared to other counterparts such as Bolometers) and does not need cryogenic conditions for operation. FETs can be used much beyond their cut-off frequencies for the rectification of the detected THz radiation. Both type of THz detectors can be suited for aligning the experimental setup at accelerator facility during beam time as well as the diagnostic of THz beam during the maintenance of the beam line. The current limitation to these detectors is the post detection electronics, High frequency passive IF circuitry, packaging methods and system integration with other devices for data processing. In the talk, we will demonstrate the basic working principle of these detectors, state-of-the-art achieved by our group until now and current status.

Speaker: Mr Rahul Yadav (Terahertz Devices and Systems, IMP , TU Darmstadt)

RahulYadav_MT ARD ST3 Meeting 2021_Final.pdf

11:45 Q&A

40 Photonic-integrated electro-optical modulator for high-resolution bunch arrival time monitor

Emerging applications of X-ray free-electron lasers would benefit from femtosecond (fs) pulse durations and fs timing accuracies. The latter requires synchronization that can simultaneously lock all components with a precision better than the accelerator pulse duration. Large-scale facilities are usually synchronized using an RF reference clock and electronic phase-locking techniques. With this approach, it is only possible to synchronize pulses with about 100 fs resolution. To improve long-range synchronization the all-optical links with pulsed optical signals are used. Recently, bunch arrival-time monitors (BAM) with optical synchronization demonstrated resolution in the range of 10 – 40 fs for bunch charges above 50 pC. For even lower bunch charges and, thus for only few-fs long accelerator pulses, the sensitivity of BAMs need to be further improved. One of the key components of any optically-synchronized BAM is a high-speed electro-optical modulator (EOM) that imprints the electrical pulse from a pick-up structure onto the optical synchronization signal. Here we present the status of the development of a wideband photonic-integrated EOM with low drive voltages which could potentially enable BAMs with sub-10 fs timing accuracy for bunch charges down to 1 pC.

Speaker: Dr Artem Kuzmin (LAS KIT)

2021-09-30_MT_ARD_ST3_Kuzmin_slides.pptx

41 Latest developments in the split-ring resonator experiment

A compact, longitudinal diagnostics for fs-scale electron bunches using a THz electric-field transient in a split-ring resonator (SRR) for streaking will be tested at the Far Infrared Linac and Test Experiment (FLUTE). We present the most important measures that have been carried out in the course of the preparations for the experiment: These include, first, the redesign of the laser optics at FLUTE as well as the successful installation of a module for efficient generation of intense THz radiation and its characterization. On the other hand, further steps to ensure temporal and spatial overlap between electron bunch and THz pulse were initiated.

Speaker: Matthias Nabinger (KIT)

2021-10-01_MT-ARD-ST3_KIT_Nabinger.pdf

2021-10-01_MT-ARD-ST3_KIT_Nabinger_V2.pdf

42 Experimental tests in KARA booster in favor of cSTART

cSTART (compact Storage ring for Accelerator Research and technology) is a future project at KIT to demonstrate and examine the injection of ultra-short electron bunches and the storage of a laser wakefield accelerated (LWFA) like beam in a very large acceptance compact storage ring (VLA-cSR). Several parameters of the machine and the beam impose some challenges on the beam diagnostics at cSTART. Due to some similarities between the VLA-cSR and the (KArlsruhe Research Accelerator) KARA booster, we also plan to perform some experimental tests in the booster, including measurements of beam position, lifetime, longitudinal profile, and beam losses. In this talk, we would like to briefly report on the plans and preparations for such tests.

Speaker: Dr Dima El Khechen

2021-09-30_MT_ARD_ST3_ElKhechen.pdf

2021-09-30_MT_ARD_ST3_ElKhechen.pptx

12:15 Q&A

43 Beam intensity measurement with secondary electron emission foil in comparison to fast current transformer.

The task of the Particle Detector Combination detectors is to measure the beam intensity of slowly extracted ion beams. The complete range of possible beam intensities at FAIR cannot be covered by single detector type. At GSI this task is accomplished by a combination of three detectors, a plastic SCintillator (SC), an Ionization Chamber (IC) and a Secondary Electron Monitor (SEM).
The SEM detector measures the amount of secondary electrons excited during the passage of charged particles through matter. The secondary electron yield for a single beam ion is experimentally determined by first calibrating the IC detector relative to the SC. In a second measurement the SC detector is removed and the beam current is increased. The SEM secondary electron current is measured as a function of the beam intensity, determined by the IC.
In this contribution we present an alternative approach for calibration of the SEM detector with fast extracted ion beam. The secondary electron yield is experimentally determined by comparison of the SEM and Fast Current Transformer signals.

Speaker: Plamen Boutachkov (GSI)

P.Boutachkov.SEMvsFCT.Oct2021.pdf

44 Investigation of novel radiation hard fast scintillators for heavy ion beam diagnostics

At GSI ion beams of many elements, from H up to U, are produced with energy as high as 4.5 GeV/u with the SIS-18 synchrotron. For absolute beam intensity and micro-spill structure measurements a BC400 organic scintillator is used. Due to the low radiation hardness of this material, alternative inorganic scintillators like ZnO:Ga and ZnO:In are investigated. The properties and possible application of these novel radiation hard fast scintillators will be discussed.

Speaker: M. Saifulin

Speed-Talk_Presentation.pdf

45 Studies of Scintillators Nonproportionality

For the European XFEL it was decided to use scintillator screens, as the standard diagnostics based on optical transition radiation (OTR) would undergo coherent effects at the machine. LYSO:Ce was chosen as scintillator material. However significantly larger emittances have been measured during the comissioning of the XFEL. Moreover there were measured "smoke-ring" distributions [*] at high bunch charges.The effect is related to the material. Hence several other materials have been chosen for further tests. At first there were number of tests made at the XFEL. Later it was proposed to do the tests at PITZ as one can reach even higher charges. So the talk summs up and demonstrates the main results of the measurements.

• G. Kube et al., Indentification and Mitigation of Smoke-Ring Effects in Scintillator Based Electron Beam Images at the European XFEL, in Proc. FEL19, Hamburg, 2019, pp. 301-306.

Speaker: Artem Novokshonov (DESY)

Scint_nonprop.pdf

Scint_nonprop.pptx

12:45 Q&A